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Do CCS Conductors Really Endure Stress Longer than Copper?

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BRENTWOOD, Tenn., June 5, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — For decades, Copperweld Copper-Clad Steel (CCS) conductors have been widely regarded as the paragon of strength and resiliency in the power grid and utility markets. CCS is used in some of the most unforgiving environments and applications — frost-heaving soils in substation ground grids, gale-force winds in pole-top transformer connections, and the unearthly cold and relentless radiation of space.

Copperweld CCS conductors displayed up to 5 times greater flex endurance than the equivalent copper samples.

CCS is trusted because it has proven its reliability and performance for nearly 100 years.

The Challenge
To back up CCS’s century-long reputation for superior strength, Copperweld’s engineering team received several requests from customers to perform lab tests that measure the flex-fatigue endurance of Copperweld CCS products compared to equivalent-ampacity copper conductors. So, they stepped up to the challenge.

Flex Fatigue Testing
In conductor manufacturing, breakload tests are popular for assessing conductor strength. Copperweld performs dozens of breakload batch tests every day to ensure that every foot of our CCS conductors is performing to specification. But while breakload tests are excellent for measuring tensile strength, they only measure mechanical strength across a single, linear event. Real-world abuse involves a wide range of motion and a high level of repetition.

Whether simulating the high-pressure contraction and expansion in buried applications or the repetitive stresses in overhead applications, an accurate way to measure real-world endurance is a flex fatigue test. Flex fatigue testing measures the number of stress cycles (180-degree bends) endured before conductor breakage is observed. A conductor’s breaking point is typically measured when continuity is interrupted. Unfortunately, stranded conductors expose an inherent limitation when simply testing for continuity.

Finding the True Breaking Point
Because a stranded conductor can maintain continuity after one or more strands have broken, a traditional flex-fatigue test that measures continuity disruption is more suited for single-end conductors. This method of testing endurance provides an unfair advantage to stranded conductors like our stranded CCS products. So, we devised a test method to more accurately and fairly measure the comparative flex-fatigue performance of both stranded and solid conductors.

This new test setup utilizes the sound spike created when a single strand of a stranded conductor breaks to identify the cycle at which the conductor is compromised, despite maintaining some conductivity. With this setup, a sound meter and monitoring software are used to cross reference elapsed test time of the sound spike (breaking point) with the number of bend cycles in the flex fatigue test. This provides a reliable method of testing the flex endurance for both conductor construction types. 

‍Our Test
To test the flex endurance of products that traditionally receive significant abuse in the field, we focused the study on our most popular transformer riser cables (Stingray 135 and Stingray 195) and their copper equivalents (6 AWG and 4 AWG). Pole-top transformer riser cables are subjected to a high level of shear force trauma in the form of flexing, bending, jerking, and vibration — making them ideal test subjects for this study.

In each test, five samples of each conductor — CCS and copper — were cut into two-foot sections with 1 inch of insulation removed from both ends to connect to the Flex Fatigue Tester. A Reed R8080 Sound Level Meter was then connected to monitoring software to capture single-end strand breakage. To mimic the extreme stressors that many conductors encounter in the field, we performed a standard 180-degree test consisting of a 90-degree bend to the left and a 90-degree bend to the right constituting a full cycle.

Stingray 135 vs 6 AWG Solid Copper Results
When comparing Copperweld CCS samples (Stingray 135) to solid-copper samples (6 AWG), CCS displayed greater flex endurance than copper. The average full-cycle count for the Stingray 135 samples was 224.8 cycles while the average full-cycle count for the 6 AWG copper samples was 36.2 cycles. This indicates that the CCS sample (Stingray 135) has 5.2 times more flex endurance than copper (6 AWG).

Stingray 195 vs 4 AWG Solid Copper Results
When comparing Copperweld CCS samples (Stingray 195) to solid-copper samples (4 AWG), CCS displayed greater flex endurance than copper. The average full-cycle count for the Stingray 135 samples was 87.6 cycles while the average full-cycle count for the 6 AWG copper samples was 30.6 cycles. This indicates that the CCS sample (Stingray 195) has 1.9 times more flex endurance than copper (4 AWG).

‍Conclusion
Using flex fatigue testing and sonic breakage detection, Copperweld CCS conductors displayed up to 5 times greater flex endurance than the equivalent copper samples.

Whether it’s for overhead tap wire or below-grade grounding for a substation, CCS can be the perfect solution for upgrading system design strength and meeting your electrical performance needs. Contact Copperweld to discuss the right CCS products for your application or to locate a Copperweld manufacturer’s rep in your area.

See the full article here.

Copperweld is the world leader in bimetallic wire and cable specializing in power, grounding, and signal conductors for building construction, power grid, utilities, communications, and transportation. For over 100 years, their mission has been to make the most reliable, sustainable, and innovative wire and cable products on the market. Copperweld’s metallurgical expertise and engineered solutions result in bimetallic products that enhance performance, extend service life, conserve copper, improve energy efficiency, and reduce incentives for theft. Their American-made products are manufactured in the heart of the USA, and the culture of excellence and innovation that inspired them over a century ago still drives them today.

CONTACT: Kris Atwood, katwood@copperweld.com

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SOURCE Copperweld

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Beijing Review: 50 Years of Growing Partnership

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BEIJING, May 11, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — On May 6, 1975, China and the European Economic Community, the predecessor to today’s European Union, established diplomatic relations. This historic moment opened a new chapter of friendship and cooperation.

 

Over the past half a century, both sides have championed multilateralism, deepened collaboration and achieved mutually beneficial outcomes. Their enduring efforts have played a constructive role in advancing global peace and development. A healthy and stable partnership not only serves their interests, but also helps shape a better world.

“The wise find common ground; the unwise dwell on differences.” This slightly adapted line from the earliest known text on Chinese medicine, The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon, reflects the spirit of cooperation between the two sides across decades and offers a guiding vision for the future.

In March 2014, shortly before his state visit to Belgium and visit to the EU headquarters, President Xi Jinping cited this ancient Chinese quote in his article published in Belgian newspaper Le Soir. The sentence emphasizes that wise people focus on shared values and embrace diversity to achieve mutual benefit; whereas the unwise amplify differences, foment conflict and invite failure.

Through this quote, Xi conveyed his hope that China and the EU will respect each other, treat each other as equals, seek common ground while respecting differences, deepen communication and stay committed to mutually beneficial cooperation. He called for finding the greatest common interests, sharing opportunities and jointly tackling challenges.

Given their differences in history and culture, social institutions and stages of development, it is only natural for China and the EU to have varying perspectives, and even disagreements, on certain issues. Like-mindedness makes for partnership, and seeking common ground while respecting differences is also a feature of partnership.

Both past experiences and present realities have shown that as long as both sides adhere to mutual respect, treat each other as equals and engage in candid dialogue, differences cannot stand in the way of dialogue, nor can disagreements impede collaboration.

To date, China and the EU have established over 70 consultation and dialogue mechanisms, covering a broad spectrum of sectors including politics, economy and trade, people-to-people exchange, science and technology, energy and the environment.

Bilateral trade expanded from just over $2.4 billion in 1975 to over $780 billion in 2024. Two-way investment, once negligible, surged to nearly $260 billion. Since its launch in 2011, the China-Europe Railway Express, dubbed the “steel camel caravan,” has reached 227 cities across 25 European countries, completing over 100,000 freight trips, and become a key link between Asia and Europe.

Throughout history, both Chinese and European civilizations have made lasting impacts on the progress of humanity. In recent years, exchanges in education, science and technology have flourished. Cultural exchange is becoming more vibrant and connections between people are growing ever closer, continuously enriching their shared stories of mutual understanding, cooperation, exchange and mutual learning.

“The wise find common ground; the unwise dwell on differences.” At the new starting point that is the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations, China and the EU should remain true to the original aspiration of their partnership, seek common ground while respecting differences, build mutual trust and pursue mutually beneficial cooperation. Together, they will foster global peace and prosperity, as well as usher in a new, promising chapter in the next 50 years.

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HashKey Exchange Achieves SOC 1 Type 2 and SOC 2 Type 2 Certifications

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HONG KONG, May 11, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — HashKey Exchange, the largest* licensed virtual asset exchange in Hong Kong, today announced that HashKey Custody Services Limited** (abbreviated as “HashKey Exchange”) has achieved the SOC 1 Type 2 Certification and SOC 2 Type 2 Certification. The certification reinforces HashKey Exchange’s role as a trusted partner for institutional and retail clients seeking compliant, enterprise-grade solutions.

The certification reports include the auditor’s opinion affirming the suitability and operational effectiveness of controls, defined control objectives aligned with security, availability, and confidentiality criteria, rigorous testing methodologies including inspections and risk assessments, and evidence of consistent control effectiveness throughout the audit period.

The scope of the certification provides reasonable assurance that HashKey Exchange’s service commitments and system requirements are achieved based on the Trust Services Criteria relevant to security, availability, and confidentiality (“applicable trust services criteria”) set forth in TSP Section 100, 2017 Trust Services Criteria for Security, Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, and Privacy, under the AICPA Trust Services Criteria.

This achievement is significant, reflecting a well-designed system that provides reliable, secure, and resilient services for users across HashKey Exchange’s platforms, including digital asset trading, custody, and asset management solutions. The SOC 1 Type 2 audit assessed HashKey Exchange’s controls over a specified timeframe, confirming ongoing effectiveness in ensuring financial reporting accuracy, maintaining data integrity, and complying with regulatory requirements. The SOC 2 Type 2 audit evaluated HashKey’s controls over an extended period, ensuring consistent operational effectiveness in safeguarding client data, mitigating risks, and maintaining system uptime.

The certification builds on HashKey Exchange’s existing compliance framework, which includes ISO 27001 (information security management) and ISO 27701 (privacy information management), positioning HashKey Exchange as a high-level global digital asset service provider able to meet such rigorous, multi-layered standards.

The SOC 1 Type 2 Certification is accordance with International Standard on Assurance Engagement 3402, Assurance Reports on Controls at a Service Organisation (“ISAE 3402”), issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (“IAASB”). SOC 2 Type 2 Certification based on the AICPA’s Trust Services Criteria. Both are rigorous compliance reports verifying that an organization’s controls operate effectively over a sustained period. These reports are issued by independent auditing firms accredited to assess and attest to the operational reliability of these controls.

*As of January 31, 2025, HashKey Exchange ranks 7 on CoinGecko’s global exchange list and is the highest-ranked licensed virtual asset exchange in Hong Kong.

**Note: HashKey Custody Services Limited serves the sole purpose of safeguarding custodial clients’ assets for HashKey Exchange, which can be referred to simply as HashKey Exchange.

About HashKey Exchange
On a mission to set the bar for virtual asset exchanges in compliance, safety, and security, HashKey Exchange (HBL) was granted as a licensed virtual asset exchange to provide retail services in Hong Kong. HashKey Exchange has received approval from the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) of Hong Kong to operate a virtual asset trading platform under Type 1 (Dealing in securities) licence, Type 7 (Providing automated trading services) licence and Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance (AMLO) licence. As HashKey Group’s flagship exchange business, HashKey Exchange provides trading services for both professional investors (PI) and retail investors. HashKey Exchange has obtained ISO 27001 (Information Security) and ISO 27701 (Data Privacy) management system certifications. HashKey Exchange does not service users from Mainland China, United States and certain other jurisdictions in compliance with laws and regulations. This material has not been reviewed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong or any other regulator.

Stay tuned for more details about HashKey Exchange. Follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.

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DynaFile Leverages the Power of Adobe Acrobat Sign to Eliminate Paper and Simplify HR Document Management

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DynaFile Announces Integration with Adobe Acrobat Sign to Simplify HR Document Management DynaFile has launched a new integration with Adobe Acrobat Sign to help HR teams fully digitize their document workflows. This integration allows for seamless electronic signatures and automated filing of signed documents into DynaFile’s secure, cloud-based repository, making files instantly accessible and audit-ready. The combined solution streamlines critical HR processes such as onboarding, policy acknowledgments, tax forms, and compliance documents—ideal for remote and hybrid teams. It also supports industry-specific compliance needs (HIPAA, FERPA, GLBA, FDA 21 CFR Part 11) through secure encryption, audit trails, and automated retention tools. With this integration, HR professionals can reduce paper use, boost efficiency, and ensure compliance across every stage of the employee lifecycle.

GREENWOOD VILLAGE, Colo., May 10, 2025 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ — DynaFile, the industry-leading cloud-based document management system for HR, is proud to announce a new integration leveraging Adobe Acrobat Sign, a trusted global e-Signature solution. By combining the power of DynaFile’s automated document management with Adobe Acrobat Sign’s secure e-Signature capabilities, HR teams can now fully digitize employee file workflows in a secure, compliant, and efficient way.

We’re excited to offer our customers seamless e-Signature capabilities by integrating with Adobe Acrobat Sign. This powerful connection gives HR professionals the tools they need to eliminate paper, streamline compliance, and operate more efficiently across every stage of the employee lifecycle.

The Adobe Acrobat Sign + DynaFile integration creates an end-to-end digital document workflow, from signature collection to secure, organized file storage. Signed documents are automatically routed into DynaFile’s cloud repository. They are indexed and organized by employee and document type, making them instantly accessible, searchable, and audit-ready.

“We’re excited to offer our customers seamless e-Signature capabilities by integrating with Adobe Acrobat Sign,” said Brian McCleary, VP of Operations at DynaFile. “This powerful connection gives HR professionals the tools they need to eliminate paper, streamline compliance, and operate more efficiently across every stage of the employee lifecycle.”

Built for the Modern HR Department

Together, DynaFile and Adobe Acrobat Sign deliver a best-in-class solution that simplifies the management and e-Signature of essential HR documents, including:

New hire onboarding packets and offer letters

Employee policy acknowledgments and handbooks

I-9’s, W-4’s, and other tax documents

Benefits enrollment and change forms

Performance evaluations and disciplinary notices

Training records and compliance certifications

Employment contracts, NDAs, and separation agreements

Documents can not only be signed from any device, anywhere, but can now be easily and securely accessed by appropriate HR team members from anywhere, making this integration ideal for remote, hybrid, and distributed teams.

Compliant e-Signatures That Work Across Industries

DynaFile and Adobe Acrobat Sign bring enterprise-grade security and compliance to HR workflows across regulated industries such as healthcare, education, and finance. By combining the security features built into DynaFile and Adobe Acrobat Sign, HR departments can meet key compliance standards, including:

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)FDA 21 CFR Part 11 (electronic records and signature compliance)

With built-in encryption, detailed audit trails, and automated compliance features, organizations can reduce risk while ensuring secure, legally binding digital transactions.

Compliance Made Even Easier with DynaFile

Once documents are signed via Adobe Acrobat Sign, DynaFile automatically files them in the appropriate folder, eliminating manual uploads and reducing the risk of misfiled paperwork. DynaFile’s compliance toolkit includes customizable document retention schedules, role-based access controls, and automated alerts for missing or expiring documents. Together, DynaFile and Adobe Acrobat Sign provide HR teams with a secure, fully digital solution to stay organized, compliant, and audit-ready.

“This integration brings together two trusted technologies to create a smarter, faster way to manage HR documentation,” added Brock Kane, VP of Sales and Marketing at DynaFile. “It’s a powerful upgrade for modern, digital-first HR teams.”

About DynaFile

For over 25 years, DynaFile has empowered HR teams to go paperless, improve compliance, and streamline employee file management. This cloud-based document management solution integrates seamlessly with leading HRIS and HCM platforms to provide a secure, centralized system for digital onboarding, document tracking, and long-term record retention. Trusted by HR leaders across industries, DynaFile features barcode scanning, automated workflows, and role-based access controls to keep your team organized, compliant, and audit-ready.

Learn more: www.dynafile.com

About Adobe Acrobat Sign

Adobe Acrobat Sign, part of Adobe Document Cloud, is a global leader in secure electronic signatures. Designed for ease of use, speed, and compliance, Adobe Acrobat Sign helps organizations digitally transform their document processes. With integrations across Microsoft, Salesforce, Workday, and now DynaFile, Adobe Acrobat Sign supports millions of users worldwide in creating efficient, legally binding, and fully auditable digital workflows.

Learn more: www.adobe.com/sign

Media Contact

Brock Kane, Blue Ribbon Technologies, 1 303-459-2078, bkane@dynafile.com, https://www.dynafile.com 

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SOURCE DynaFile

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