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Destination 2D Brings Graphene to Mainstream CMOS – Breakthrough Interconnect Technology at Wafer Scale to Revolutionize Next-Generation Energy-Efficient Chips

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MILPITAS, Calif., Dec. 6, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Destination 2D™ – a new semiconductor startup with unmatched expertise in graphene process technology – today announced it has successfully achieved wafer-scale synthesis of high-quality graphene within CMOS-compatible process conditions.

In doing so, the company is enabling the use of graphene as the first-ever two-dimensional material in mainstream semiconductor products through immediate availability of the first 300mm scale graphene synthesis equipment – the CoolC GT300™. 

Destination 2D was co-founded by Ravi Iyengar (CEO), a semiconductor microprocessor design veteran turned serial entrepreneur, and Prof. Dr. Kaustav Banerjee (CTO) – a UC Santa Barbara electrical engineering professor and the pioneer behind the company’s unique and patented graphene interconnect technology.

The issues facing the semiconductor industry as they relate to interconnects are profoundly impacted by the ever-shrinking dimensions of regular process technology. The standard interconnect material, copper, has been used for the past 30 years and is now reaching commercial end-of-life due to the ruthless tyranny of Moore’s Law and electron migration that renders copper extremely problematic in low geometry fabrication.

At sub-15 nm interconnect dimensions, the resistivity of copper increases rapidly – causing significant degradation in both circuit and system-level performance, power, and dramatically impacting all reliability metrics required by modern semiconductor designs in products such as GPUs, CPUs and others.

Graphene is a carbon allotrope consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal planar and atomically-thin – i.e. 2D – nanostructure. The name “graphene” is derived from “graphite” and the suffix -ene, indicates the presence of double bonds within the carbon structure. Graphene is known for its exceptionally high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and for being the thinnest 2D material in the world. On a microscopic scale, graphene is the strongest material ever measured – it is far stronger than steel. 

The existence of graphene was first theorized in 1947 by Philip R. Wallace during his research on graphite’s electronic properties. In 2004, the material was isolated and characterized by Sir Dr. Andre Geim and Sir Dr. Konstantin Novoselov, both at the University of Manchester using a piece of graphite and adhesive tape.

In 2010, Novoselov (now Destination 2D’s Chief Scientist) and Geim were jointly-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their “groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene.”

While tiny flakes of graphene are easy to produce, attempts to scale the manufacturing process for integration into mainstream CMOS have had negligible success due to fab-compatibility issues and quality control concerns.

Large area graphene synthesis, typically involving chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based techniques, require high temperatures that far exceed the allowed thermal budget of CMOS interconnect fabrication, and also require a mechanical “transfer” of the graphene grown over a metallic substrate to dielectric substrates.

Moreover, pristine (monolayer) graphene is a semimetal with a low charge carrier density, resulting in high sheet resistance, which further limits its direct applicability to interconnect applications. Therefore, for interconnect applications, multiple layers of edge-contacted graphene along with suitable “intercalation-doping” is required.

This was first theorized and experimentally demonstrated by Destination 2D’s CTO and his team, who subsequently pioneered the pressure-assisted solid-phase diffusion technique for synthesizing multilayered graphene directly over dielectric substrates at CMOS-compatible temperatures.

The company’s unmatched expertise in harnessing graphene’s unique capabilities for chip interconnects is further bolstered by an equipment engineering team led by Chief Product Officer Dave Silvetti, an award-winning semiconductor equipment industry veteran. Silvetti is credited with bringing several cutting-edge CMOS process technology equipment designs into high-volume production.

Destination 2D’s CMOS-compatible interconnect design innovation is achieved via intercalation-doped and edge-contacted multi-layer graphene, which delivers lower resistivity, significantly better reliability and up to 80% higher energy-efficiency than copper interconnects.

A CMOS-compatible synthesis technology allows for the direct synthesis of graphene onto wafer-scale dielectric substrates at temperatures significantly below the CMOS thermal budget. All of this is achieved without the warping and cracking issues that have plagued previous graphene commercialization efforts around CMOS interconnects. 

Armed with several key patents, these design and process technology inventions are just one aspect of Destination 2D’s breakthrough innovation. The other equally crucial component is the CoolC GT300, a specialized, industrial-scale patented equipment developed by Destination 2D. 

The CoolC GT300 implements Destination 2D’s proprietary graphene synthesis process without the traditional thermal issues that have prevented graphene from being in CMOS applications. Simultaneous with Destination 2D’s achievement of the wafer-scale graphene synthesis technology, this patented equipment is announced with immediate availability for order to interested customers.

“Wafer-scale graphene coverage demonstrated by Destination 2D using BEOL compatible low-temperature transfer-free process marks a significant milestone for the CMOS industry,” said Ravi Iyengar, CEO of Destination 2D. “Destination 2D’s interconnect technology – when integrated in both Logic and Memory chips – could profoundly transform the landscape for Artificial Intelligence and other compute-centric applications.”

About Destination 2D:

Destination 2D is a groundbreaking startup that has commercialized integration of graphene interconnects into standard CMOS semiconductor process technology at scale and without the traditional issues that have prevented graphene from being used in chip manufacturing processes to date. 

Graphene has exceptional electronic conductivity that is far superior to the standard copper interconnects used for the past 30 years and which is now reaching commercial end-of-life. Graphene also possesses high mechanical flexibility and strength, as well as exceptional physical and chemical stability. Thanks to the pioneering efforts of a world-renowned team, Destination 2D is uniquely poised to bring graphene into the mainstream of semiconductor manufacturing. Learn more at www.destination2d.com.

Destination 2D and CoolC GT300 are trademarks of Destination 2D, Inc. All other referenced trademarks and registered trademarks previously cited are hereby recognized and acknowledged.

Please contact Destination 2D press counsel Jonathan Hirshon for more information

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SOURCE Destination 2D Inc.

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Kidney Patients Back Bipartisan Bill to Expand Disability Employment

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U.S. Representatives Hoyer and Sessions Lead AbilityOne Modernization Bill

Kidney Disease and Jobs are Focus of National Disability Employment Month

WASHINGTON, Oct. 23, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — The American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP), the nation’s oldest and largest independent kidney patient advocacy organization, today announced plans to accelerate national grassroots patient advocacy in support of bipartisan legislation that will modernize the federal AbilityOne program. The American Procurement Improvement Act (APIA), H.R. 10443, is championed by U.S. Representatives Pete Sessions (R-TX) and Steny Hoyer (D-MD). AAKP defines kidney disease as both an American healthcare and workforce issue and fights to expand career opportunities and job protections for all Americans impacted by kidney disease, disabilities, and chronic diseases.

The AbilityOne program creates private sector employment opportunities for over 41,000 Americans with severe vision and other disabilities, including nearly 3,000 American Veterans. In FY 2025, the program generated nearly 48 million direct labor hours, an 8 percent increase and a significant measure of disability employment growth, with workers working and working more hours. AbilityOne delivered more than $4.7 billion in products and services to the Federal government in FY 2025 and drew discouraged workers into the U.S. labor force while supporting greater workforce participation, increasing economic independence, and self-sufficiency. The AbilityOne mission taps the underutilized workforce of people with significant disabilities to deliver high-quality, mission-essential products and services to federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

The APIA legislation removes outdated statutory barriers to hiring, retention, advancement, and movement into careers of choice, including emerging fields and new lines of business. It also modernizes federal procurement by aligning AbilityOne with contemporary procurement practices and streamlines procurement processes so the program can respond faster to emerging federal agency priorities. The APIA legislation protects taxpayer interests, strengthens program accountability and stewardship by preserving oversight, transparency, and worker protections while modernizing AbilityOne Commission authorities. The legislation is seen as an opportunity to improve federal procurement and strengthen the federal government’s domestic supplier base.

Over 36 million Americans live with kidney disease, over 600,000 are on dialysis, and nearly 100,000 are awaiting a kidney transplant. Further, interrelated cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases have impacted more than 25% of the adult population and are a leading cause of death. More broadly, the American Heart Association estimates that 90% of U.S. adults, or about 240 million people, have some degree of interconnected cardiovascular, kidney, or metabolic health conditions. For kidney patients dependent upon status-quo, in-center hemodialysis, burdensome thrice-weekly dialysis sessions force many patients, against their own choosing, into unemployment, disability, and dependency. AAKP believes dialysis-related unemployment, and the associated costs borne by families and taxpayers, is one of the media’s least-reported stories in legacy kidney care. AAKP’s policy agenda focuses on transplant readiness, more opportunities for organ transplants, more flexible, patient-centered home dialysis solutions, and stronger job protections for both kidney patients and living organ donors.

AAKP President Edward V. Hickey, III, a chronic kidney disease patient, stated, “AAKP strongly endorses the American Procurement Improvement Act (APIA) and expresses our deepest gratitude to Representatives Steny Hoyer and Peter Sessions for their bipartisan leadership and commitment to Americans managing disabilities and their efforts to secure meaningful employment opportunities with solid wages. People impacted by disability and chronic diseases face tremendous hurdles to continued employment and return to the workforce – especially America’s proud Veterans. This legislation reflects consensus language among stakeholders, including advocates, employers, and organized labor, and sends a very positive message, amid national economic concerns, that the voices and needs of disabled Americans and their families are heard and not forgotten by the U.S. Congress. We encourage Congress to step up and pass this legislation before the close of the year.” Hickey is a U.S. Marine Corps Veteran, a former senior congressional aide, and has served in appointed roles in two presidential administrations, including the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM). At OPM, he was heavily involved in policy issues related to federal Veterans preference in civil service hiring and expanded federal job opportunities. He currently serves on the American Board of Internal Medicine’s (ABIM) Nephrology Specialty Board and as the Chair of the AAKP Veterans Health Initiative, the largest kidney health outreach program outside of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

October is National Disability Employment Month, and AAKP and its allies remind elected and appointed government leaders to address health and employment concerns that impact patients, families, and communities. Through multiple partnerships, AAKP leads the kidney community in providing kidney patients and transplant recipients, including Veterans, access to virtual job fairs and employment skills training opportunities. AAKP is currently sponsoring virtual job fairs, in partnership with CareerEco, on January 13, 2027, and May 18, 2027, that will service Veterans and military families. AAKP’s past collaborations have included webinars with Idealist and virtual disability and Veteran hiring fairs with Bender Consulting.

AAKP Vice President and Chair of Policy and Global Affairs Paul T. Conway, a 49-year kidney patient and 29-year transplant recipient, stated, “The AbilityOne program has supported private sector employment for people managing disabilities and chronic diseases for nearly ninety years and reflects the exceptional American values of self-reliance and independence. Representatives Steny Hoyer and Pete Sessions have consistently shown respect for the creativity, talents, and skills of disabled citizens and have dedicated their public careers to expanding job opportunities in the workforce and across the federal supply chain. The American Procurement Improvement Act increases accountability for taxpayer funds and will result in more well-paying jobs for Americans whose desire and capacity to work and contribute are underappreciated.” Conway is a former Chief of Staff for both the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and a former Deputy Secretary for Health and Human Resources for the Commonwealth of Virginia. He has overseen multiple federal and state disability employment, workforce training, and health service programs throughout his public career. He is the past Chair of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Patient Engagement Advisory Committee (PEAC) and serves on the Observational Study Monitoring Board of the Kidney Precision Medicine Program (KPMP) administered by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH/NIDDK).

To advance the APIA, AAKP is working with former U.S. Representative Tony Coelho, Chair of the Partnership to Improve Patient Care as well as the Alliance for Expanding America’s Workforce. Along with AAKP, APIA is endorsed by over 60 national patient and disability organizations, labor unions and employers including the American Association of People with Disabilities, SEIU, Bender Consulting, National Council of SourceAmerica Employers, CEO Commission for Disability Employment, the Arc of the United States, National Organization on Disability, National Down Syndrome Society, National Disability Rights Network, National Federation of the Blind, Melwood Inc., WORK Inc., ORC Industries, Employment Source, Opportunity Center, Inc., PARC, ACHIEVE Human Services, Inc., Human Technologies, InspiriTec, PORTCO Inc, PRIDE Industries, Phoenix, Pueblo Diversified Industries, and the Association of People Supporting EmploymentFirst (APSE).

AAKP, alongside a broad and diverse coalition of patient organizations, transplant experts, and Congressional allies, is also working to secure passage of the Living Donor Protection Act (LDPA), S. 1552/H.R. 4582 and H.R. 4583, in 2026. The bipartisan bill protects living organ donors from job and insurance discrimination based solely on their decision to donate a kidney to save another life, barriers cited most often by potential organ donors. The bipartisan legislation is led by Senator Tom Cotton (R-AK) and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY). It was voted out of the Senate HELP Committee on February 26, 2026, with full bipartisan support, the endorsement of AAKP, the larger kidney community, and the American Council of Life Insurance (ACLI).

In 2018, with bipartisan support from Congress and the Trump Administration, AAKP and transplant professionals worked with the U.S. Department of Labor’s (DOL) legal team and the DOL Wage and Hour Division to have DOL issue Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) protections for living organ donors, based on the original intent of the FMLA’s Congressional co-sponsors (click here to read the letter and click here to watch the video). Congressional passage of the LDPA in 2026 will codify the DOL’s 2018 FMLA job protections and prohibit insurers from discriminating against living donors. Increased living organ donation, improved transplant readiness among kidney patients, and greater opportunities for transplantation have been national goals for decades and were reinforced in 2019 through the Executive Order on Advancing American Kidney Health.

Follow AAKP on social media at @kidneypatient on Facebook, @kidneypatients on X, and @kidneypatients on Instagram, and visit https://aakp.org/ for more information. AAKP patient advocates advance bipartisan kidney policy including: passage of the bipartisan law modernizing the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) (2023); lifetime transplant drug coverage for kidney patients (2020); the historic Executive Order on Advancing American Kidney Health signed by President Donald Trump (2019); job protections for living organ donors under the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) via the U.S. Department of Labor (2018); and Congressional approval of HIV positive organ transplants for HIV positive patients (2013).

MEDIA CONTACT:
Brendan LaCivita
National and Medical Media Specialist
blacivita@aakp.org
(813) 906-7740

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SOURCE American Association of Kidney Patients

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BioVid Launches Mimetics™, AI Research Audiences Built on How Physicians Reason and Decide

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Modeling physician response patterns and behavior, showing an 80–90% match with real physicians on content, reasoning, and emotion. 

BRISTOL, Pa., Oct. 23, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — BioVid, a life science consultancy, today announced the launch of BioVid Mimetics™, a research platform that gives pharmaceutical teams mimetics: synthetic physician audiences modeled on how those audiences reason and decide. Its respondent models are grounded in BioVid’s proprietary MindSet Modeling™ program, large-scale, multi-specialty surveys of practicing physicians that measure the mindsets shaping how they process information, make judgments, and decide. The models are aligned with secondary data on clinical practice, moving beyond generic AI role-play to model the decision logic behind treatment choices.

Like a mimetic drug, each BioVid mimetic is tested against the original: real physicians.

Prescribing data shows what physicians choose, not why. Pharma teams now face more of those “why” questions than research budgets and timelines can absorb. BioVid Mimetics™ applies the social and behavioral science of clinical judgment to model how physicians interpret evidence, weigh benefit against risk, and decide when they know enough to act.

The name comes from pharmacology, where a mimetic earns trust by doing the work of the original molecule. Every BioVid mimetic is tested against that standard, bringing the firm’s long-standing commitment to science-based research to a new method.

“At BioVid, we’ve always believed that better commercial decisions start with a deeper understanding of human behavior,” said Peggy Hirtle, CEO of BioVid. “Our goal was never simply faster or cheaper respondents. It was to reflect how physicians actually reason, with the same scientific rigor clients already trust from BioVid. Mimetics is a new way to put human understanding to work, never a replacement for it.”

“A synthetic respondent can sound right and still reason wrong. The real test is whether it reasons the way the audience does,” said Marco Barcella, Executive Director, Product & Technology at BioVid. “Where the decision warrants, we run the same study with a human cohort and a mimetic cohort and compare the findings, the reasoning, and the mental and emotional responses directly. Clients see where mimetic findings hold and where human research should lead.”

In BioVid’s validation work to date, mimetic and human cohorts have shown an 80% to 90% match on content, reasoning, and emotion across thousands of parallel tests.

BioVid Mimetics™ is available off the shelf or tailored with a client’s own primary research. It supports message and concept testing, positioning, drivers and barriers, segmentation, and opportunity assessment, and includes:

Mimetic Respondents: Mimetic or hybrid studies, with mimetic fieldwork complete in one to two weeks after receipt of required inputs, followed by a full report and readout from BioVid’s research team.

Mimetic Segments App: Segments that client teams question directly, share materials with, and return to between research waves.

Client Customization: Models tailored with a client’s own research, segment profiles, and CRM data, exclusive to that client and firewalled from all others.

To learn more, visit www.biovid.com/mimetics. 

About BioVid

BioVid is a life science consultancy applying behavioral science and AI to commercial and market access strategy. Its offerings include the CIAIRA™ AI platform, Tumor Worlds™, and BioVid Mimetics™. BioVid is a recognized leader in new product demand estimation, commercial communication optimization, and customer and patient segmentation research.

Visit www.biovid.com.

Media Contact:
Sal Zerilli, PhD, Executive Director, Knowledge and Innovation, BioVid
szerilli@biovid.com | 267.201.4008

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SOURCE BioVid

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Egan-Jones Finds Steady CLO Credit Metrics as Interest Rates Turn Higher

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NEW YORK, Oct. 23, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Egan-Jones released its monthly report on the collateralized loan obligation (CLO) market, finding that credit metrics across the deals it rates held steady even as interest rates and high-yield spreads moved higher in September. For investors, the publication sets these steadier portfolio measures against a tighter rate backdrop.

Among Egan-Jones’ measures, the weighted average rating score, a gauge of the default risk in a deal’s underlying loans where a lower score indicates stronger credit, has improved over the past year. The share of assets rated CCC+ or lower, the weakest tier of loan ratings, has been stable to slightly lower, with a median of 6.1%. As of September 2026, Egan-Jones rated 1,568 CLO deals.

The steadier metrics come as financing conditions shift. The 5-year Treasury yield rose 60 basis points to 5.09%, its highest close of 2026, and on September 16 the Federal Reserve raised rates by 25 basis points, its first increase since 2023. High-yield spreads widened to 312 basis points from their late-August low, while new CLO issuance totaled 91 deals ($38.2 billion), down 12.5% by count from a year earlier.

Higher rates cut both ways for CLOs, according to the analysis: coupons on the underlying loans reset upward, but so do the interest burdens of the borrowers. Egan-Jones points to rising loss severity on distressed exchanges and other selective defaults, and identifies software loans, pressured by concerns over disruption from artificial intelligence, as the weakest sector in CLO portfolios.

Egan-Jones also compares its ratings with those of other agencies across 20 deals, ranking the tranches where views differ most. On that comparison, Egan-Jones currently tends to take a more positive view of CLO credit quality than other credit rating agencies. A full sample rating report on MP CLO VIII, whose largest industry exposure is High Tech Industries at 15.9%, is included.

Taken together, the findings describe a market in which issuance has eased and borrowing costs are rising, while the credit profile of Egan-Jones-rated portfolios remains stable. Watching where pressures such as software exposure and loss severity are building may help investors assess CLO risk as the rate cycle turns.

About Egan-Jones Ratings
Egan-Jones, an NRSRO founded in 1995, offers timely and accurate credit ratings and proxy services.

Media Contact:
sales@egan-jones.com
+1 212 425 0460

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SOURCE Egan-Jones Ratings Co.

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