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Kanazawa University research: High speed atomic force microscopy studies provide insights into influenza A viral replication

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KANAZAWA, Japan, July 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Researchers at Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, IMDEA Nanoscience (Madrid, Spain) and CNB-CSIC (Madrid, Spain) report in ACS Nano experiments that reveal a cycle of conformational stages that recombinant Influenza A genomes pass through during RNA synthesis.

Influenza A is a global health risk responsible for local epidemics and deadly pandemics. As such, the mechanism by which the virus replicates itself has attracted significant interest. Researchers led by Shingo Fukuda at Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) at Kanazawa University in Japan, Jaime Martin-Benito at CNB-CSIC and Borja Ibarra  at IMDEA Nanociencia in Spain, used high-speed atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy to pin down the conformational dynamics of recombinant viral genomes (or rRNPs) during RNA synthesis.

Previous attempts to understand what possible conformational changes occur during Influenza A viral multiplication cycle had been hindered by what the researchers describe as the “bulky double-helical structure” of the viral RNPs (vRNP, Fig.1 A), which made it hard to see what was going on. As a result the researchers produced a circular recombinant ribonucleoprotein complex (rRNP) (Fig.1 B), which allowed them to overcome the ‘bulky issue’. The authors used HS-AFM to follow conformational changes of individual rRNP complexes in real-time during active RNA synthesis (Fig.1 C).

Their work provides first direct experimental evidence showing that individual rRNPs can be recycled for multiple transcription and replication cycles. This is a key feature for viral multiplication. In addition, their study highlights how factors that affect the stability of the secondary structures of the nascent RNA affect the rate of RNA synthesis.

The authors concluded that the approach is useful for investigating viral transcription and replication mechanisms. “Transcriptional pausing is an intrinsic property of most RNA polymerases, and its regulation constitutes one of the central mechanisms of control of gene expression,” they add. “Future single-molecule experiments of real-time RNA synthesis kinetics by the IAV RdRp [influenza A virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase] within the context of the RNP will help to elucidate the nature of putative pause states and their roles in viral transcription and replication.”

Figure

https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/Figure-1-2.jpg

Caption : Fig.1 (A, B) HS-AFM images of vRNP (A) and rRNP (B). (C) Successive HS-AFM images of rRNP during RNA synthesis. © 2024 Carlero, et al. Published by American Chemical Society

Glossary

RNA synthesis

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer and a nucleic acid. Its replication is catalyzed by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase. The synthesis only proceeds in the presence of the nucleotide and proteins required to build up the RNA molecule.

Although RNA synthesis can use DNA as the synthesis template, a number of viruses replicate with RNA as the template. The enzyme that catalyzes this type of synthesis is known as RNA dependent RNA polymerase.

Recombinant ribonucleic proteins

Recombinant ribonucleoproteins are useful for ways of studying RNA processes. In this instance the authors used a recombinant ribonucleoprotein made up of the same protein components but just 352 nucleotides long, where the RNA segment used had been shown to avoid supercoiling.

High-speed atomic force microscopy

This imaging technique uses a nanosized tip at the end of a cantilever that is scanned over a sample. It can be used to determine the topography of a sample surface from the change in the strength of forces between the tip and the sample with distance, and the resulting deflection of the cantilever. It was first developed in the 1980s but a number of modifications have augmented the functionality of the technique since. It is better suited to imaging biological samples than the scanning tunneling microscope that had been developed because it does not require a conducting sample.

In the 2000s Toshio Ando at Kanazawa University was able to improve the scanning speed to such an extent that moving images could be captured. This allowed people to use the technique to visualize molecular processes for the first time.

Reference

Diego Carlero, Shingo Fukuda, Rebeca Bocanegra, Toshio Ando, Jaime Martin-Benito, and Borja Ibarra Conformational Dynamics of Influenza A Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes during RNA Synthesis ACS Nano 2024.

DOI:10.1021/acsnano.4c01362

URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c01362

Funding acknowledgements

This work was supported by the NanoLSI Visiting Fellows Program 2019 (to B.I.), the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT (Japan), and grants PGC2018-099341-B-I00 (to B.I.), PID2021-126755NB-I00 (to B.I.), and PID2020-117752RB-I00 (to J.M.B.) financed by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE,  Grant TED2021-132748B-I00 financed by the European Union “NextGeneration EU”/PRTR (to J.M.B.), and Grant No. 20K15140 financed by JSPS KAKENHI (to S.F.). IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2020-001039-S).

Contact

Hiroe Yoneda (Ms)
Senior Specialist in Project Planning and Outreach
NanoLSI Administration Office, Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)
Kanazawa University
Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Email: nanolsi-office@adm.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Tel: +81 (76) 234-4555

About Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University

Understanding nanoscale mechanisms of life phenomena by exploring “uncharted nano-realms”

Cells are the basic units of almost all life forms. We are developing nanoprobe technologies that allow direct imaging, analysis, and manipulation of the behavior and dynamics of important macromolecules in living organisms, such as proteins and nucleic acids, at the surface and interior of cells. We aim at acquiring a fundamental understanding of the various life phenomena at the nanoscale.

https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/

About the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)

The WPI program was launched in 2007 by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to foster globally visible research centers boasting the highest standards and outstanding research environments. Numbering more than a dozen and operating at institutions throughout the country, these centers are given a high degree of autonomy, allowing them to engage in innovative modes of management and research. The program is administered by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

See the latest research news from the centers at the WPI News Portal: https://www.eurekalert.org/newsportal/WPI

Main WPI program site: 

www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-toplevel

About Kanazawa University

As the leading comprehensive university on the Sea of Japan coast, Kanazawa University has contributed greatly to higher education and academic research in Japan since it was founded in 1949. The University has three colleges and 17 schools offering courses in subjects that include medicine, computer engineering, and humanities.

The University is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in Kanazawa – a city rich in history and culture. The city of Kanazawa has a highly respected intellectual profile since the time of the fiefdom (1598-1867). Kanazawa University is divided into two main campuses: Kakuma and Takaramachi for its approximately 10,200 students including 600 from overseas.

http://www.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/

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Breaking Boundaries: EcoFlow Unveils RIVER Gen4 and PowerRock 4000 at IFA 2026

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From a power station that fits in a backpack to grid-level power on a building site – with the OCEAN 2 and STREAM home systems alongside them at Hall 2.2, Booth 166.

BERLIN, Sept. 4, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — EcoFlow unveiled two new products at IFA 2026 in Berlin today: the RIVER Gen4 portable power station series and the PowerRock 4000 industrial portable power station. Both are on show at Hall 2.2, Booth 166 from 4 to 8 September, alongside the OCEAN 2 three-phase home storage system and the STREAM home battery series, under the theme “Breaking Boundaries. The Future of Smart Energy Starts Now”.

Together they stretch the range in two directions at once: down into ultra-compact portable power, and out into professional work where mains electricity is missing, delayed or simply impractical.

“For most people, energy is still something you go to – a socket, a meter, a grid connection. We think it should work the other way round. Whether it’s a weekend away, a building site with no supply, or a household trying to use more of the solar it already generates, everything we’re showing at IFA is built on the same idea: power that follows the people who need it.” said Bruce Wang, Founder and CEO of EcoFlow.

RIVER Gen4: Smallest in Its Class. Outsized Performance.

A portable power station should be truly portable. EcoFlow RIVER Gen4 delivers practical, dependable energy in a smaller, lighter form – bringing the portable power station back to its essence: less to carry, more power to use.

RIVER Gen4 comes in two sizes. RIVER 260 Gen4 offers 256 Wh of capacity, 300 W of AC output and up to 600 W with X-Boost for selected devices, all at approximately 3.0 kg – built for day trips and everyday mobile use. RIVER 520 Gen4 provides 512 Wh, 500 W of AC output and up to 1000 W with X-Boost, while approximately 4.6 kg, for overnight trips, more devices and light home backup. Both models also support UPS functionality with a switchover time of under 10 ms, helping keep essential devices running during unexpected outages.

Built on EcoFlow’s new exclusive compact architecture, RIVER Gen4 reduces wasted space inside and out. At comparable capacities, RIVER 260 Gen4 is approximately 29.7 per cent smaller and 16.9 per cent lighter than RIVER 3, while RIVER 520 Gen4 is approximately 59.1 per cent smaller and 23.5 per cent lighter than RIVER 2 Max.**** Easier to pack, easier to carry, and more likely to come along, because true portability begins with a smaller footprint and lighter weight.

A smaller footprint doesn’t mean compromising on the runtime that matters. RIVER Gen4’s active idle power is approximately 30 per cent lower than the industry average,**** and optimises power delivery for devices drawing under 100 W, so more of every watt-hour reaches camping lights, routers, fans and compact refrigerators rather than being spent running the unit itself. Low idle drain and smart auto-shutdown cut further waste when connected devices stop drawing power. Even when the display reaches 0 per cent, the industry-first* Emergency Power Mode safely extends the usable discharge range, keeping essential calls, messages and navigation within reach. And under controlled storage conditions a fully charged unit retains approximately 99 per cent state of charge after a year, so it is ready whenever it is needed.

Recharging is just as fast and flexible. Driven by X-Stream 4.0 with active thermal management, RIVER 260 Gen4 reaches 80 per cent in 42 minutes and RIVER 520 Gen4 in 50 minutes. A coffee stop is enough to recover most of the battery. Beyond AC charging, one high-power 140 W bidirectional USB-C port provides an all-in-one charging solution for DC wall, solar and car charging through compatible adapters. Paired with the EcoFlow 60 W Lightweight Portable Solar Panel, RIVER Gen4 Series forms one of the smallest and lightest solar generator setups on the market,**** making off-grid power easier to pack and carry.

Ports are not sacrificed to size: RIVER 260 Gen4 carries five outputs and RIVER 520 Gen4 six, with fast charging on every USB-C port, so phones, cameras and laptops can charge together while the AC outlets run lights, a router or a portable fridge. Refrigerator Runtime Mode adapts power delivery to refrigerator loads to extend cooling time during a home outage, and operating noise stays below 30 dB under a 200 W load – quiet enough for a tent, a desk or a bedside. LFP cells and more than 40+ BMS protection features cover charging, discharging and everyday use.

PowerRock 4000: grid-level power for professional jobsites

EcoFlow PowerRock 4000 is an industrial portable power station designed for professional applications, including construction, events, film production and emergency response. It delivers 4 kW continuously and 7.2 kW for up to 100 seconds, drawing on a 3 kWh battery.

The problem it solves will be familiar to any European contractor. Temporary site power means a permit and an electrician, and a wait measured in weeks. Combustion generators are restricted in dense urban areas, unsafe indoors and out of the question below ground. PowerRock 4000 needs neither, and it travels to work instead of the work being routed back to it.

PowerRock 4000 features an industry-first* built-in residual current device, with 30 mA leakage detection and cut-off in under 300 ms, so European sites need no separate inline RCD modules. The housing is all-metal and IP65-rated, wrapped in a reinforced roll cage, and survives a 1 m drop. The net weight is 38 kg.

AC charging reaches 80 per cent in 48 minutes and a full charge in 60 minutes, while an alternator top-up turns the drive between jobs into charging time. PowerRock 4000 carries a three-year warranty and will officially launch across Europe on September 4, 2026. From November 2026, it will also be progressively rolled out through professional electrical, hardware, building materials, and tool distributors across Europe.

OCEAN 2: three-phase home storage on display

OCEAN 2, EcoFlow’s three-phase solar and storage system for homes, is also on the booth. It launched across Europe in March 2026, pulling PV generation, storage, whole-home backup and energy management into one system – and it stays compatible with the previous EcoFlow generation, so existing owners can expand rather than start again.

Five power classes are available: 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 kW. Three independent MPP trackers handle up to 24 kW of PV input, and a start voltage of 120 V brings generation forward on awkward roof layouts. Backup is built in at 63 A for the whole house, switching over in 0 ms** with no separate backup box to install. For longer outages, the system works with ATS-capable generators and third-party inverters.

Capacity scales to twelve battery modules per inverter, available in 5 kWh and 8 kWh sizes. Both sizes support a discharge rate of up to 0.8C*****. The 8 kWh module is on display at the booth. The system is IP66-rated and built with 10 layers of battery safety protection. Installers commission it through the EcoFlow Pro App, which configures the system in around three minutes.

Running all of it is EcoFlow OASIS 3.0, which reads a household’s own energy profile and decides when to store, when to draw and when to lean on the grid. It works with more than 1,000 energy providers across Europe and uses solar forecasts accurate to up to 90 per cent, with Cloud API and Modbus available for integration. Together, OASIS 3.0 and solar storage can cut a household’s electricity costs by up to 77.6 per cent.***

OCEAN 2 is sold through the EcoFlow partner network.

STREAM Series on display

The STREAM home battery series, launched across Europe in June 2026, shares the booth with the new products. STREAM AC 5000, winner of the home&smart Innovation Award, retrofits storage to solar that is already on the roof and is built to absorb the higher feed-in power those systems produce. A qualified electrical contractor handles the installation.

From October, the series gains Local Mode. If the internet drops out, a STREAM system simply carries on: it keeps running, and the app keeps controlling it, with no cloud in the loop. There is nothing to set up and nothing to configure, which is what separates Local Mode from the Local API, a tool aimed at users who are comfortable in the technical detail.

Notes on claims

*Industry-first claims reflect EcoFlow’s assessment of comparable products available on the market at the time of publication, based on publicly available product information.

** The 0 ms switchover applies under defined conditions: compliance with local grid regulations and an open-circuit state in the public electricity grid.

*** Savings of up to 77.6 per cent are based on EcoFlow’s own calculation models and assumptions. Actual savings depend on household consumption, system configuration, electricity tariff and market.

**** Size, weight and idle power comparisons, and class positioning, are based on EcoFlow’s own measurements and on selected comparable products available on the market at the time of publication.

*****Discharge rate of up to 0.8C measured in a laboratory environment at 25 °C ambient and device temperature. At this power, discharge time is no more than 30 minutes for the OCEAN 2 LFP 8 kWh module and 20 minutes for the OCEAN 2 LFP 5 kWh module.

EcoFlow at IFA 2026

EcoFlow is exhibiting at IFA 2026 in Hall 2.2, Booth 166, at Messe Berlin from 4 to 8 September 2026. Media briefings, interviews and guided booth tours can be arranged via the contact below.

More information: https://www.ecoflow.com/de/ifa-2026

About EcoFlow

EcoFlow is a global pioneer in eco-friendly energy solutions, driving the transition toward smarter, cleaner and more independent power. Founded in 2017, EcoFlow is No. 1 in smart home energy storage solutions, empowering millions of users to take control of their energy at home and beyond. With operational headquarters in Seattle, Düsseldorf, Irvine, Tokyo and Birmingham, and a business and data center in Singapore, EcoFlow operates as a global ecosystem spanning research, operations, and manufacturing. Its innovative technologies serve over 6 million users across 140 markets and redefine how the world takes control of its energy.

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UGREEN unveils new MagFlow lineup at IFA 2026 with world’s first micro-pump liquid-cooled Qi2 25W magnetic power bank

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Advanced thermal management takes on heat in Qi2 25W charging

LONDON, Sept. 4, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — UGREEN will unveil its new MagFlow lineup later today at IFA 2026, led by the world’s first Qi2 25W magnetic power bank with active micro-pump liquid cooling.

Moving from 15W to Qi2 25W raises charging power nearly 70%, along with thermal demands. The lineup tackles a key challenge in wireless charging: heat. Heat buildup can trigger throttling, slow charging and affect battery health. UGREEN combines active cooling with passive heat-dissipation structures to help manage heat.

MagFlow Pro Magnetic Power Bank 10000mAh 25W

The flagship features UGREEN’s CryoPulse™ micro-pump liquid cooling. Widely used in high-performance systems, liquid cooling comes to a power bank for the first time. Micro-pump liquid cooling, VC copper heat-spreading foil and separated charging components help reduce heat buildup, while ThermalGuard™ adjusts power automatically and a transparent window shows coolant circulation. UGREEN testing shows iPhone 17 Pro Max peak temperature up to 10°C below a 48°C industry reference.

It supports Qi2 25W wireless charging and 45W max wired output via a built-in cable. UGREEN reports iPhone 17 Pro Max reaching 50% in 40 minutes wirelessly. ATL high-density cells with Dymondcell™2.0 protection enhance safety, while a smart display shows real-time charging status.

MagFlow Pro 3-in-1 Magnetic Wireless Charging Stand 25W

Built for desks and bedside tables, the stand charges iPhone, Apple Watch and AirPods simultaneously. Its TEC Active Cooling System combines a TEC module with an ultra-quiet fan rated at 15dB or below. With cooling enabled, UGREEN testing recorded the magnetic surface center at approximately 11°C.

It delivers up to 25W to iPhone and full-speed Apple Watch charging through an MFW-certified module. UGREEN reports 50% charge in 26 minutes for iPhone 17 Pro Max and 19 minutes for Apple Watch Series 11. A display shows power, temperature and cooling mode.

MagFlow 2-in-1 Foldable Magnetic Wireless Charger 25W

The foldable charger measures 60 × 72 × 27mm when closed, fitting into a pocket or bag. Open, it delivers up to 25W to iPhone and 5W to AirPods simultaneously, with ThermalGuard™ regulating heat. A wider anti-slip earbuds pad simplifies placement, while cool-touch glass surface improves comfort.

The lineup goes on sale Sept. 4 across Europe. MSRP is €119.99 / £109.99 for the power bank, €139.99 / £119.99 for the 3-in-1 stand, and €49.99 / £43.99 for the 2-in-1 charger.

For the first time, UGREEN will exhibit across two halls at IFA 2026: H3.2-153 for Communication & Connectivity and H2.2-135 for Smart Home. Under its “Smarter Living Starts Here” theme, UGREEN will showcase an expanding portfolio across both categories. As an IFA 2026 Charging Partner, it will provide complimentary charging at designated rest areas.

About UGREEN

UGREEN is a leading global tech brand creating innovative products that make everyday life smarter, easier, and more connected. From smart charging and productivity to smart storage and AIoT, UGREEN designs technology around the needs of modern life.

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Wonderful Raises $550 Million Series C to Scale the AI Operating System for the Enterprise

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Funding will accelerate product development and global deployment of the Wonderful AI OS, as enterprises move from isolated AI use cases to organization-wide transformation.

AMSTERDAM, Sept. 4, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Wonderful, the AI OS for the enterprise, announced the closing of a $550 million Series C funding round at a $5B valuation. The round was led by Insight Partners, with participation from Salesforce and existing investors Index Ventures, IVP, Vine Ventures, 9Yards, and Bessemer Venture Partners.

Since its Series B in March 2026, Wonderful has expanded its operations to more than 35 markets, grown to 650 employees worldwide, and evolved its platform into a full AI operating system. Customers are now using the Wonderful AI OS to automate end-to-end workflows, build and deploy AI-native applications, and coordinate agents across every part of the enterprise. The funding will accelerate product development, expand Wonderful’s global deployment teams, and support growing enterprise demand for the AI OS.

“We’re entering a new era of enterprise transformation,” said Bar Winkler, CEO and co-founder of Wonderful. “Just as cloud platforms became the foundation of the modern enterprise, AI operating systems will become the foundation of every enterprise. Our customers are already proving that once AI reaches production in one part of the business, it quickly expands across the enterprise. Without a shared operating system, AI risks recreating the sprawl of traditional SaaS. Organizations need a shared AI foundation that compounds in value as more of the enterprise relies on it, and that’s exactly what we’re building. This funding allows us to help more enterprises make that transition.”

The Wonderful AI OS is the shared operating layer that coordinates agents, workflows, AI-native applications, enterprise context, integrations, and governed execution across the organization. It’s open, model-agnostic and compatible with existing technology stacks, allowing enterprises to adopt new models and capabilities as the industry evolves, without continually rebuilding their stack or becoming dependent on a single provider. Enterprise context, integrations, governance, and reusable capabilities accumulate over time, making every new deployment faster and better governed than the last.

The AI OS includes a suite of key products: managed workflows that automate complex end-to-end processes; productivity agents that support employees and improve decision-making; AI-native applications that complement or replace legacy software; and conversational agents that help enterprises serve and grow customers. Products can be deployed independently or combined within the same workflow, with shared governance, security, and orchestration across the platform.

“We designed the AI OS to be modular and open because enterprises shouldn’t have to replace everything they already have to become AI-native,” said Roey Lalazar, CTO and Co-founder of Wonderful. “Customers can adopt whichever parts of the platform make the most sense, integrate them with existing systems, choose the best models for each workload, and retain ownership of everything they build. That openness preserves our customers’ optionality, while keeping us accountable to stay at the frontier.”

Wonderful’s forward-deployed engineers work alongside customers to bring their first use case into production, then transfer knowledge and capability so enterprises can increasingly build, expand, and operate the platform independently. The AI OS can be deployed across any cloud environment, including on-premise, giving organizations maximum flexibility to adopt AI within their existing security and governance requirements.

“Wonderful is pursuing one of the largest opportunities in enterprise AI,” said Jeff Horing, Co-founder and Managing Director of Insight Partners. “Many companies are applying AI to individual departments or use cases. Wonderful is building the operating layer that allows enterprises to scale AI across the entire organization. We’ve watched the team execute on that vision, across dozens of markets, with highly successful early deployments to production at some of the world’s largest enterprises. We’re excited to continue supporting the company in its next phase of growth.”

About Wonderful

Wonderful helps large enterprises become AI-native, unlocking their full potential. The company offers the only AI OS purpose-built for the entire enterprise, allowing organizations to automate and improve work, modernize their tech stack, and serve and grow their customers. Forward-deployed engineering pods co-build alongside customer teams in every market, getting AI into production fast and transferring capability so enterprises can increasingly build on the platform themselves. Founded in 2025, Wonderful operates across 35+ markets around the world, works with enterprise customers across verticals, and is backed by leading investors Index Ventures, Insight Partners, IVP, Vine Ventures, 9Yards, Salesforce, and Bessemer Venture Partners. See more at www.wonderful.ai.

About Insight Partners

Insight Partners is a global software investor partnering with high-growth technology, software, and Internet startup and ScaleUp companies that are driving transformative change in their industries. As of December 31, 2025, the firm has over $90B in regulatory assets under management. Insight Partners has invested in more than 900 companies worldwide and has seen over 55 portfolio companies achieve an IPO. Headquartered in New York City, Insight has a global presence with leadership in London, Tel Aviv, and the Bay Area. Insight’s mission is to find, fund, and work successfully with visionary executives, providing them with tailored, hands-on software expertise along their growth journey, from their first investment to IPO. For more information on Insight and all its investments, visit insightpartners.com or follow us on X @insightpartners.

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