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Unravelling the infection enigma: Jean-Laurent Casanova’s pioneering genetic discoveries earn him the 2025 Novo Nordisk Prize

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COPENHAGEN, Denmark, Feb. 24, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — For decades, scientists believed that infections were determined solely by viruses and bacteria. But Professor Jean-Laurent Casanova’s groundbreaking research has revealed a more complex reality: genes play a fundamental role in determining who gets seriously ill and who stays healthy. Because of his pioneering discoveries, he is being honoured and awarded with the 2025 Novo Nordisk Prize.

Jean-Laurent Casanova’s research, spanning more than three decades, has shown that rare or not-so-rare genetic mutations can make some individuals especially vulnerable to infections that others shrug off. “Why would a child be hospitalised for viral pneumonia, tuberculosis or any other severe infection when most children infected with the very same microbe do well? That is what I call the infection enigma,” he explains.

His pioneering work has uncovered more than 70 genes that, when mutated, impair the body’s ability to fight off specific infections. This research has not only deepened understanding of human immunity but also led to new possibilities for patient care — helping clinicians better predict, diagnose and treat infectious diseases based on individual genetic profiles.

Recognising a landmark scientific contribution

Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen, CEO of the Novo Nordisk Foundation, emphasises the significance of Jean-Laurent Casanova’s contributions: “His work exemplifies the power of integrating clinical observation with genetic research. By uncovering the genetic basis of susceptibility to infections, Professor Casanova has opened new avenues for personalised medicine, offering hope for more effective treatments and preventive strategies.”

Professor Jørgen Frøkiær, Chair of the Novo Nordisk Prize Committee, adds: “Jean-Laurent Casanova’s research has transformed understanding of infectious diseases by revealing the critical role of genetic factors. His discoveries have provided new insight into why some individuals are more vulnerable to infections, paving the way for novel approaches in immunology and public health.”

For Jean-Laurent Casanova, the recognition is a surprise but also validates a career dedicated to reshaping how we understand infections. “When I got the call, I had no idea I had even been nominated,” he says. “But this is by far the most important award I have received in my career, and I am incredibly honoured.”

It is not just about the virus

Jean-Laurent Casanova’s journey began in Paris, where he simultaneously studied medicine and biology, tailoring his own MD and PhD programme long before such dual-degree tracks existed in France. His decision to specialise in paediatrics and immunology shaped the focus of his research.

“As a young paediatrician, I saw children die from infections in intensive care units,” he recalls. “That made me realise that infection was the biggest problem in paediatrics. I wanted to understand why some children got severely ill while others did not.”

At the age of 30 years, he took on the infection enigma as his life’s work, starting his laboratory in Paris before later expanding to New York. Over the years, his team has demonstrated that genetic errors in immunity explain why certain individuals have severe infectious diseases — insight that has proved vital in times of global health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic.

Jean-Laurent Casanova’s discoveries have changed how we understand and treat infections. One of his biggest breakthroughs came during the COVID-19 pandemic, when his team found that some people had ‘bad’ antibodies — called autoantibodies — that attacked their own immune system instead of the virus. These autoantibodies block type I interferons, which are crucial for fighting infections. His research showed that these faulty antibodies were responsible for about 15% of severe COVID-19 cases and 20% of deaths.

“This was clear proof that a person’s genes and immune system play a big role in how sick they get from infections,” he explains. “It is not just about the virus — it is also about how your body responds to it.”

Convincing the scientific community was not easy

These harmful autoantibodies are not just a COVID-19 problem. Casanova’s team found them in other severe viral infections, such as influenza and West Nile virus, in which they explain nearly 40% of the worst cases. “If you have these autoantibodies, you have to be extra careful about infections and insect bites that spread viruses,” Casanova warns. “Testing older adults for these antibodies could also help to save lives in countries that can afford it.”

Casanova’s team first found that rare genetic mutations prevented some people from producing type I interferons. Later, they discovered that autoantibodies could do the same thing — blocking immune defences and increasing the risk of severe infection. This breakthrough helped to explain why some people get critically ill whereas others recover quickly.

“These individuals can be identified through genetic testing or by screening for autoantibodies in their blood. Once diagnosed, some patients may benefit from treatments, such as interferon therapy to replace the missing immune signal or therapies to remove the harmful autoantibodies, helping to restore their body’s ability to fight infections.”

For a long time, scientists mainly focused on germs — bacteria and viruses — as the reason people got sick. But Casanova’s discoveries challenged this thinking, showing that individual differences in the immune system also matter. Changing this perspective took time, since many researchers were initially sceptical.

“For more than a century, we have been taught to focus almost entirely on microbes,” Casanova says. “But genetics has always played a role — this was proven for plants over 100 years ago and for humans before World War II. We just did not fully appreciate it.”

A future shaped by genetic insight

As the field of infectious disease research continues to evolve, Casanova’s discoveries offer a clear path forward. The ability to identify genetic vulnerability before illness strikes makes the potential for personalised interventions — such as tailored vaccination programmes and lifestyle adjustments — greater than ever.

Casanova’s work is not just focused on understanding infections — it focuses on rewriting the medical playbook for how to prevent and treat them. “By studying rare patients with rare genetic vulnerabilities, we uncovered something that affects millions,” he says. “This is just the beginning.”

With the 2025 Novo Nordisk Prize, his contributions take centre stage, marking a milestone in the pursuit of a more personalised and effective approach to infectious disease medicine.

The 2025 Novo Nordisk Prize will be awarded at a ceremony in Bagsværd, Denmark, on April 25, to Professor Jean-Laurent Casanova from Necker Medical School in Paris, France, and the Rockefeller University in New York, USA. A Prize Lecture by Jean-Laurent Casanova will take place at the Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, in the Niels K. Jerne Auditorium, Building 13 on April 24, the day before the official award ceremony.

About Jean-Laurent Casanova

1987 MD, University of Paris Descartes, France1992 PhD in Immunology, University of Paris Pierre and Marie Curie, France1999 Professor of Paediatrics, Necker Medical School, Paris, France1999 Co-founder, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Imagine, Inserm, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France2008 Professor, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA2014 Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA2015 Foreign Member, United States National Academy of Sciences2015 Foreign Member, United States National Academy of Medicine

About the Novo Nordisk Prize

The Novo Nordisk Prize recognises active scientists who have provided outstanding international contributions to advance medical science to benefit people’s lives. The prize is awarded annually by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and is intended to further support biomedical research in Europe.

The prize is accompanied by DKK 5 million (€672,000) and comprises a DKK 4.5 million (€605,000) research grant and a personal award of DKK 0.5 million (€67,000). The Foundation will award an additional DKK 0.5 million for hosting an international symposium within the recipient’s field(s) of research.

Photo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2625977/Jean_Laurent_Casanova.jpg

 

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SOURCE Novo Nordisk Foundation

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Haloid Poll: Majority of Public Safety and Commercial Radio Administrators Would Consider Starlink Integration With LMR Two-Way Radio Networks, but Disruption Unlikely

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STONY BROOK, N.Y., Oct. 25, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Following Starlink’s announced entry into the mobile communications space, Haloid’s consulting team polled government and business land mobile radio (LMR) administrators on whether Starlink could replace, or complement, their LMR systems. We found that most radio administrators were receptive to the nascent technology but did not see it as a replacement for their LMR networks.

Sixty-seven percent of radio administrators said they would be willing to integrate Starlink technology if it allowed them to expand coverage or lower infrastructure costs. When asked whether Starlink could completely replace their LMR networks, fewer than 15 percent said yes; the vast majority believed Starlink is not as reliable as the custom networks they have built. Among administrators who already use two-way radio over cellular (also known as push-to-talk over cellular, or PoC), however, nearly 80 percent said that Starlink’s satellite coverage, combined with its newly acquired cellular spectrum, would make it more desirable than the industry’s wireless incumbents because it could eliminate dead spots where cellular does not reach.

In the U.S., hundreds of thousands of radio users rely on traditional cellular carriers for push-to-talk communications, and that number grows each year. While the migration to two-way radio over cellular has affected the LMR industry, it has not replaced it. Many public safety agencies never made the switch, citing the risk that cellular networks could go down during weather events, power outages, or cyberattacks and jeopardize emergency communications.

In fact, during recent cellular outages, Starlink was used to provide emergency communications to affected areas, because its satellite connectivity does not depend on cell towers. But Starlink’s integration with the 800 MHz cellular spectrum — “Starlink 2.0,” as some experts are calling it — exposes it to some of the same vulnerabilities as traditional wireless carriers.

While Starlink’s satellite service might still function if local cell towers go down, a critical portion of an agency’s communications might rely on local towers using the 800 MHz spectrum, leaving the agency vulnerable in a storm or outage.

Expect evolution, not disruption

“Just like cellular didn’t replace LMR, we don’t see Starlink as an existential risk,” said Jeremy Alicandri, President of Haloid Solutions. He expects Starlink to accelerate the industry’s evolution toward shared communications infrastructure, also known as hybrid LMR. “We have public safety customers already using Starlink in their vehicles to extend the coverage of their radios. This trend will continue as Starlink devices become more ubiquitous.”

The stock prices of Verizon, T-Mobile, and AT&T were affected by Starlink’s recent announcement. LMR stocks such as L3Harris, JVCKENWOOD, and BK Technologies, maker of the Bendix King brand, have been unaffected, as Wall Street views Starlink as unlikely to replace LMR technology for the same reasons cellular did not. “But it may be too early to predict the industry’s winners and losers,” Alicandri added. “The cellular incumbents have many advantages, including low-cost devices, existing infrastructure, and their own satellite ambitions.”

About Haloid Solutions Research

Haloid’s Starlink poll drew on respondents to its LMR brand loyalty study, which measures radio administrators’ sentiment toward the ownership and after-sales experience. Haloid’s LMR research is sponsored by investors in the mission-critical communications space.

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SOURCE HALOID SOLUTIONS

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Newborn Town and Viggle Launch AI-Powered 3D Interactive Game, Bringing World Models to Social Gaming

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HONG KONG, Oct. 26, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Recently, Newborn Town’s game-oriented social platform TopTop has launched “Slap Showdown”, an AI-powered 3D interactive mini-game developed in collaboration with Viggle, a company specializing in physics-native world models. The launch brings world model technology into social gaming, offering users a more personalized and engaging interactive experience.

Developed by TopTop and powered by Viggle’s self-developed Joint Space-Time (JST) world model, “Slap Showdown” lets users turn uploaded photos into customized 3D characters and take them straight into the game.

Launched in September, “Slap Showdown” has gained particular traction in Japan, among Spanish-speaking users in North America, and across the Middle East. It is now available in multiple countries and regions worldwide.

From Better Gameplay to a Richer Ecosystem: How World Models Could Redefine Social Gaming on TopTop

In terms of gameplay, “Slap Showdown” combines AI-generated 3D characters with multiplayer interaction. Players can simply upload a photo from their phone and generate a personalized 3D character in around 30 seconds, whether it’s an anime protagonist, a cyberpunk cyborg, or a LEGO minifigure. They can then bring their custom characters into the game and face off against other players in fun, interactive battles.

As players use controls such as press-and-hold, tap, and drag, the 3D characters respond with realistic, physics-based movements. This takes AI-generated characters beyond visual customization, integrating them directly into the gameplay experience.

According to TopTop’s operations team, “Slap Showdown” has attracted a growing base of highly engaged, high-spending-potential players in its first month since launch. The game has recorded a 97% match completion rate, while its game-start rate has also exceeded the platform-wide average.

The depth of user engagement is further illustrated by individual player activity. One player in Japan completed 1,041 matches over 22 days, reaching a daily peak of 151 matches and averaging one match every 9.5 minutes. Another particularly avid player in Eastern Europe completed 735 matches in just 11 days, averaging 66.8 matches per day and peaking at 126 matches in a single day.

For a UGC-driven social gaming platform such as TopTop, mini-games serve as entry points and traffic drivers, while social features underpin retention and monetization. Personalized 3D avatars add another dimension to that experience. Beyond their visual appeal, they give users new ways to express themselves, interact with friends and share memorable moments. In turn, richer gameplay and more meaningful social interactions can help improve retention, attract new users and strengthen engagement across the platform.

“Slap Showdown” marks a successful step in TopTop’s efforts to deepen its application of AI technology, as well as a starting point for using world models to enhance gaming and social experiences. TopTop’s operations team said future game releases could make greater use of AI-powered 3D generation, extending beyond avatars to include customized environments. Existing games could also be revitalized by the introduction of new gameplay features, potentially driving stronger retention and user acquisition.

Beyond enriching gameplay, world model capabilities could also reshape social interaction itself, enabling more immersive, face-to-face experiences in virtual spaces. “We’re constantly exploring how AI can transform gaming and social interaction, while bringing new energy and capabilities to our UGC ecosystem,” TopTop’s operations team said.

Viggle Unveils Physics-Native Model JST-2, Setting Its Sights on Becoming the Infrastructure Layer for Physical AI

The world model technology powering “Slap Showdown” is provided by Viggle.

Founded in 2022, Viggle has focused on developing physics-native world foundation models. Its self-developed JST model can generate 3D characters, motion and environments directly, providing a foundation for gaming and a growing range of AI applications.

Viggle previously attracted widespread attention with Meme Maker, its AI-powered video creation product. The tool enables users to animate static characters and generate videos by applying specified movements, making AI character animation and video creation more accessible. In August 2024, Viggle raised USD 19 million in a Series A funding round led by Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz (a16z).

However, video creation was an early application of this technology. Viggle’s longer-term ambition is to make JST a foundational technology for AI-powered experiences across gaming, social platforms and other applications.

Viggle is now further expanding its technological boundaries. On 19 October, Viggle launched JST-2 in full, likening its significance for world models to GPT-2’s role in the evolution of language models.

Unlike many world models that infer physical structure indirectly from pixels, JST-2 is built around a physics-native architecture designed to learn the structure and dynamics of the 3D world directly. Its underlying representation consists of units resembling digital “atoms.” Each has a defined position in three-dimensional space, along with physical properties such as material, color and mass, and information describing how it moves and responds to forces. This allows the model to do more than generate convincing images. It can represent and generate 3D characters, motion and scenes with an underlying understanding of their physical properties.

To support this approach, Viggle has developed an integrated technology stack spanning tokenization, model architecture, data engine, pre-training and post-training. After four years of research and development, JST-2 can generate characters, motion and scenes within a single unified architecture.

Compared with other approaches, JST-2 also demonstrates cost efficiency. JST-2 can generate a 3D scene in seconds, at an inference cost of less than one US cent. Once created, the content can be rendered locally without repeatedly running the foundation model to generate each frame.

It is noteworthy that world model technology remains at an early stage, but Viggle is already working toward more advanced capabilities.

Its next-generation model, JST-3, is intended to become a comprehensive world simulator. Such a system could underpin future game and graphics engines, while also serving as a virtual training environment for robotics and other forms of physical AI.

The longer-term goal is for JST-3 to learn the physical rules governing its simulated world directly from data, rather than relying on rules explicitly written by developers.

For Newborn Town, its investment in and partnership with Viggle represents an important step in exploring how advanced AI can reshape social gaming, promoting a deep integration of AI technology with its business operations.

As a leading global social entertainment company, Newborn Town has continued to deepen the use of AI across key areas in recent years, including product R&D, social recommendation systems, intelligent operations, safety and risk management, and marketing and user acquisition, supporting ongoing business growth.

Meanwhile, the company also continued to invest across the AI ecosystem, backing projects in areas including world models, AI companionship, AI Agents and AI interactive gaming. These investments have further enriched its AI application ecosystem, with Viggle among the AI companies previously backed by Newborn Town.

“Slap Showdown” represents an early step in bringing world models into social gaming. For Newborn Town and Viggle, the next challenge is to turn increasingly sophisticated AI capabilities into experiences that users find genuinely engaging — and compelling enough to keep coming back.

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SOURCE Newborn Town

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HKICEC Launches First-Ever Global Mobile Exchange Pavilion at Mobile Electronics Show

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Charting a New Milestone with Outstanding Achievements

HONG KONG, Oct. 26, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — The Hong Kong International Communications Electronic Chamber (HKICEC) made a landmark debut at the Global Sources Mobile Electronics Show, held from October 18-21, 2026, with the inaugural launch of the HKICEC Global Mobile Exchange Pavilion. Spanning 600 square meters, the pavilion brought together nearly 60 industry leaders from mainland China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, the UAE, the US and the UK. As the largest themed pavilion in the mobile electronics sector and a premier highlight of the exhibition, this event marks a new developmental milestone for HKICEC. The pavilion underscores the chamber’s dedication to bridging global markets and serving the communications and electronics industry, injecting vital new momentum into the synergy between Hong Kong’s technology sector and international trade.

The grand opening ceremony on October 18 marked the official launch of the first B2B pavilion in Hong Kong and Asia dedicated exclusively to mobile communications equipment. The milestone event was officiated by a distinguished lineup of devices global business, including  Dr. the Hon. Starry Lee Wai King, GBS, JP, Member of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and President of the Legislative Council; Mr. Zhu Xiaodong, Director of the Kowloon Affairs Department of the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the HKSAR; Dr. the Hon. Horace Cheung Kwok Kwan SBS JP, Deputy Secretary for Justice, HKSAR; Mr. Liu Maozhou, Level 1 Bureau Rank Official, the Economic and Financial Department II, Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the HKSAR; Mr. Ho Lap Ki, Denny, JP, District Officer (Kwun Tong), Home Affairs Department; Mr James Liu, CEO of Global Sources; and Mr. Jacky Tse, Chairman of HKICEC, alongside HKICEC Management team. Together, they witnessed the official launch of the first B2B pavilion in Hong Kong and Asia dedicated to mobile communications equipment. The ceremony drew over a hundred political and business leaders, industry representatives, international exhibitors, and major media outlets, reflecting the event’s importance and the industry’s green trading development. Following the inauguration, officials toured the pavilion for high-level discussions with global exhibitors, signaling robust institutional backing for the industry and HKICEC’s strategic expansion.

During the four-day exhibition, the pavilion experienced a continuous flow of visitors. Communications and electronics suppliers and global buyers from overseas visited specifically for business matchmaking and negotiations, unlocking numerous commercial opportunities. Notably, the pavilion also featured a retrospective exhibit of 16 classic mobile phones, tracing the industry’s evolution from early ‘brick’ devices to Mainland China’s first official Apple release, the iPhone 3GS. The historical display proved to be a standout attraction, gathering large crowds throughout the event.

Beyond the exhibition floor, the chamber partnered with Global Sources to co-host an international forum on October 19. Under the theme ” From New Devices to New Life: Building a Global Mobile Device Lifecycle Ecosystem”, the event gathered experts from ecoATM, PCS Wireless, Cenwood, Our Hong Kong Foundation, and the Global Mobile Association. They engaged in profound discussions on cutting-edge topics including the global economic landscape, inventory management, ESG development, the circular ecology of new and used devices, and AI technology.  Attended by over 200 international representatives, the forum successfully catalyzed cross-border collaboration and established a new standard for sustainability discourse in the global mobile industry.

As a capstone to the comprehensive four-day events, HKICEC convened over 500 industry leaders, VIPs, and exhibitors for a high-profile networking banquet designed to accelerate cross-border business alliances. The gathering provided a premier platform for delegates to solidify collaborative ties and exchange strategic insights initiated from the pavilion. Ahead of the exhibition’s conclusion, a special ” Pearl Of The Orient • Victoria Harbour Cruise Party” was organized to showcase Hong Kong’s unique charm as a cosmopolitan city to global guests, providing a memorable networking experience against Hong Kong’s iconic skyline to formally cap off the week’s successes.

High-resolution images: https://bit.ly/3WqHMxu

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SOURCE The Hong Kong International Communications Electronic Chamber (HKICEC)

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