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Trump’s Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Digital Asset Stockpile, explained

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A quick history of Trump’s statements and policies on crypto

Donald Trump’s stance on cryptocurrency has shifted significantly over time. From 2019 to 2021, Trump expressed skepticism toward Bitcoin (BTC), calling it volatile and a threat to the US dollar, but by 2024, he reversed his stance, pledging support for crypto, proposing a US Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and criticizing the Biden administration’s anti-crypto policies.

Early skepticism (2019–2021)

July 2019: While in office, Trump tweeted that he was “not a fan” of Bitcoin, calling it “not money” and criticizing its volatility. He also opposed Facebook’s Libra (Diem) project, arguing that tech companies shouldn’t issue currency without a banking charter.June 2021: After leaving office, Trump labeled Bitcoin a “scam” and a threat to the US dollar, advocating for strict regulation to prevent it from undermining the US financial system.

Crypto policy during his presidency (2017–2020)

Trump’s administration generally took a cautious stance on crypto:

Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin warned of Bitcoin’s risks and dismissed its long-term viability.The Treasury Department proposed stricter tracking rules for digital wallets, which faced industry backlash.Some Trump appointees supported crypto-friendly banking policies, but these were exceptions to an overall skeptical approach.

Pro-crypto pivot in 2024

Ahead of the 2024 election, Trump reversed course, pledging to end the Biden administration’s “anti-crypto” stance. He:

Declared himself “very positive and open-minded” on Bitcoin.Promised to fire top crypto-skeptic regulators if reelected.Proposed a US Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, vowing to hold on to seized Bitcoin instead of auctioning it off.

This dramatic shift set the foundation for Trump’s strategic Bitcoin reserve. 

The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve: What does it mean?

One of Trump’s headline proposals is creating a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for the US, treating Bitcoin as a national reserve asset akin to digital gold. The plan centers on stockpiling Bitcoin seized in criminal cases rather than purchasing it with taxpayer funds.

Key components

Bitcoin as a reserve asset: The US government would officially recognize Bitcoin as a strategic holding, similar to gold in Fort Knox, leveraging its fixed supply and decentralized nature.Seized crypto, not taxpayer purchases: Instead of selling confiscated Bitcoin at auction (as has been past practice), the government would retain it in a central reserve account. Trump’s executive order explicitly states that any Bitcoin deposited “shall not be sold.”No immediate buying spree: The plan does not include direct federal purchases of BTC but allows for “budget-neutral” methods to expand reserves, such as using proceeds from other seized assets.

Does the US already have a Bitcoin stockpile? Yes, indirectly. Over the past decade, agencies have seized large amounts of BTC but historically auctioned it off rather than holding it. Trump’s policy would change that, aiming to preserve Bitcoin as a national asset.

Supporters believe this could strengthen US finances and ensure the nation isn’t left behind in a Bitcoin-driven global economy. However, critics warn of Bitcoin’s volatility and the risks of integrating a decentralized asset into government reserves.

Is the Bitcoin strategic reserve the same as the digital asset stockpile?

No, a digital asset stockpile is a separate reserve that would hold other forfeited cryptocurrencies.

The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve focuses solely on holding Bitcoin as a reserve asset, while the Digital Asset Stockpile includes other forfeited digital assets such as Ether (ETH) or USDC (USDC), though these assets might be strategically managed or sold over time. Bitcoin, however, would be held indefinitely in the reserve.

Notably, Trump’s executive order does not explicitly mention what specific crypto assets will be included in the US Digital Asset Stockpile. 

Here are the commonalities and differences between the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and the US Digital Asset Stockpile:

Historical context: US government and Bitcoin

Trump’s Bitcoin reserve plan builds on a history of US government interactions with cryptocurrency, primarily through law enforcement and asset seizures.

Seizures and auctions (Silk Road era)

The government’s relationship with Bitcoin began in 2013–2014 with the Silk Road takedown, where federal agents seized 144,000 BTC — one of the largest Bitcoin hauls ever. Rather than holding the coins, the US Marshals Service auctioned them off, setting a precedent for liquidating seized crypto. 

Did you know? In 2014, venture capitalist Tim Draper bought 30,000 BTC for $18 million, a fraction of its later value.

Accumulating and selling crypto holdings

Since then, US agencies have continued seizing and auctioning Bitcoin from various cases, selling nearly 200,000 BTC between 2014 and early 2023, netting around $366 million. 

However, with Bitcoin’s price surge, those sold coins would now be worth over $18 billion — raising questions about whether the government should have held onto them. Crypto advocates argue this history justifies a hodl policy rather than continued liquidation.

Past administration policies

Obama administration: Focused on regulating exchanges and curbing illicit use.Trump’s first term: Emphasized enforcement, sanctioning crypto accounts linked to adversaries and targeting tax evaders.Biden administration: Prioritized investor protection and regulatory enforcement, pursuing lawsuits against major exchanges in 2023 and continuing liquidation of seized Bitcoin rather than holding it.

The idea of a national Bitcoin reserve was largely absent from previous administrations — until Trump’s 2024 proposal.

Global context

Other governments, including China and Germany, have seized Bitcoin, but most — like the US — chose to auction it rather than stockpile it. No major economy has yet integrated Bitcoin into its sovereign reserves. 

The closest example is El Salvador, which made Bitcoin legal tender in 2021 and began accumulating it. If fully implemented, Trump’s Bitcoin reserve strategy would make the US the first major nation to officially hold Bitcoin as a strategic asset, a significant shift in global crypto policy.

Did you know? ​In 2024, Bhutan’s sovereign investment arm quietly amassed $750 million in Bitcoin holdings through hydroelectric-powered mining, amounting to 28% of the country’s gross domestic product.

Potential impact of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve

If the US establishes a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, the implications could be significant for markets, regulation and financial strategy.

Market dynamics

A no-sell policy would remove key selling pressure, as seized Bitcoin would no longer be auctioned off, effectively reducing circulating supply. Some analysts see this as bullish for Bitcoin’s price. 

Anticipation of Trump’s pro-crypto stance already fueled market optimism in late 2024. However, political shifts could bring uncertainty — future administrations might reverse the policy and sell, making government-held Bitcoin a new market-moving factor.

Legitimacy and mainstreaming

If the US holds Bitcoin as a strategic asset, it would mark the strongest government endorsement of crypto to date. This could encourage institutional investors and pressure other nations to consider similar policies. 

If multiple governments start stockpiling Bitcoin, it could integrate crypto more deeply into global finance, potentially affecting reserve diversification and even international sanctions.

Regulatory shift

A national Bitcoin reserve aligns with a broader pro-crypto shift in US regulation. Trump has already signaled a friendlier stance, calling for clearer rules and protecting crypto firms’ banking access. This could reverse past regulatory hostility, making the US a more attractive hub for blockchain businesses.

With the government holding Bitcoin, it may also incentivize policies that promote crypto growth, though balancing innovation and consumer protection remains a challenge.

Did you know? ​In 2025, President Trump appointed David Sacks as the White House AI and crypto czar to establish a legal framework for the cryptocurrency industry.

Financial strategy and the dollar

Trump insists Bitcoin won’t replace the US dollar, but holding it as a reserve asset could complement rather than compete with the dollar — similar to gold. 

If Bitcoin appreciates, it could strengthen US financial standing, but if it gains too much influence in global reserves, it might challenge fiat dominance over time.

While speculative for now, a national Bitcoin reserve could reshape the role of digital assets in global finance.

Challenges and controversies

Trump’s Bitcoin reserve plan has sparked both enthusiasm and criticism. Key concerns include volatility, political optics and legal hurdles.

Volatility and risk

Bitcoin’s price swings make it a risky reserve asset. Unlike gold or US Treasurys, Bitcoin can drop 10% in a day, raising concerns about exposing taxpayer-linked reserves to major losses. Critics compare it to gambling with public funds, while supporters argue that not holding Bitcoin poses a bigger risk if it continues to appreciate.

Political “flip-flop”

Trump once called Bitcoin a threat to the dollar, but now champions it. Opponents see this as opportunism, driven by campaign donations from crypto investors rather than a genuine policy shift. Supporters argue it reflects Republican modernization, appealing to a younger, crypto-friendly voter base.

Favoring Bitcoin over other cryptocurrencies

By stockpiling Bitcoin, the government may be seen as picking winners and losers in the crypto market. This could marginalize smaller tokens and raise concerns over market intervention. Some fear Trump’s crypto agenda could slow down broader regulation by making the issue partisan.

Legal and logistical hurdles

Transferring seized Bitcoin into a government reserve isn’t simple. Current laws mandate auctions, meaning Congress may need to intervene. Additionally, securing billions in crypto requires top-tier cybersecurity, as hacks or key losses could be disastrous. Lawmakers are also pushing for transparency on how much Bitcoin the government actually holds.

Economic strategy uncertainty

How does Bitcoin fit into US monetary policy? 

The Federal Reserve does not currently treat crypto as part of its system. If the Treasury holds Bitcoin, would it influence monetary decisions or simply remain an investment? 

Trump’s policy also bans a US central bank digital currency to prevent competition with private crypto, raising questions about the coherence of US financial strategy.

The Bitcoin reserve experiment could reshape US crypto policy — or create new complexities that challenge its long-term viability.

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Crypto Biz: As crypto booms, recession looms

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America’s pro-crypto policy shift has become a bipartisan commitment as Democrats and Republicans look to secure the US dollar’s influence as a global reserve currency. According to US Representative and California Democrat Ro Khanna, at least 70 of his fellow party members now understand the importance of stablecoin regulation. 

According to Khanna, Americans can expect sensible crypto market structure and stablecoin bills this year. Under normal circumstances, this news would send crypto prices soaring, but that’s not been the case as President Donald Trump’s trade policies stoke recession fears.

ARK Invest CEO Cathie Wood is the latest crypto industry executive to sound the recession alarm. While a recession is rarely a good thing, Wood said it could provide Trump and the Federal Reserve with leeway to enact pro-growth policies. 

“We are worried about a recession” — Cathie Wood

Although US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent isn’t worried about a recession, Wood is certainly preparing for that possibility. 

Speaking virtually at the Digital Asset Summit in New York, Wood implied that the White House could be underestimating the recession risk facing the economy as a result of Trump’s latest tariff war. 

“We are worried about a recession,” Wood said. “We think the velocity of money is slowing down dramatically.”

A slowdown in the velocity of money means capital is changing hands less frequently as consumers and businesses reduce spending. Such conditions usually signify the onset of a recession.

However, recessionary forces could end up being a boon for risk assets like crypto as declining GDP should give “the president and the Fed many more degrees of freedom to do what they want in terms of tax cuts and monetary policy,” said Wood.

Cathie Wood tells the Digital Asset Summit that the threat of recession is building. Source: Cointelegraph

US stablecoin bill is “imminent” — Bo Hines

The US could have comprehensive stablecoin legislation in as little as two months, according to Bo Hines, the recently appointed executive director of Trump’s Presidential Council of Advisers on Digital Assets.

Speaking at the Digital Asset Summit in New York, Hines lauded the Senate Banking Committee’s bipartisan approval of the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act, also known as the GENIUS Act.

“We saw that vote come out of the Senate Banking Committee in extremely bipartisan fashion, […] which was fantastic to see,” Hines said.

The GENIUS Act seeks to establish clear guidelines for US stablecoin issuers, including collateralization requirements and compliance rules with Anti-Money Laundering laws. 

“I think our colleagues on the other side of the aisle also recognize the importance for US dominance in this space, and they’re willing to work with us here, and that’s what’s really exciting about this,” said Hines.

Bo Hines says US stablecoin legislation could arrive on President Donald Trump’s desk in two months. Source: Cointelegraph

Ethena Labs, Securitize launch DeFi-focused blockchain

Ethena Labs and Securitize are launching a new blockchain designed to boost retail and institutional adoption of DeFi products and tokenized assets.

The new blockchain, called Converge, is an Ethereum Virtual Machine that will offer retail investors access to “standard DeFi applications” and specialize in institutional-grade offerings to bridge traditional finance and decentralized applications. Converge will also allow users to stake Ethena’s native governance token, ENA. 

Converge will also leverage Securitize’s RWA infrastructure. The company has minted nearly $2 billion in tokenized RWAs across various blockchains, including the BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund, which was initially launched on Ethereum and has since expanded to Aptos, Arbitrum, Avalanche, Optimism and Polygon.

Canary Capital files for Sui ETF

Canary Capital has submitted its Form S-1 filing to the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to list an exchange-traded fund tied to Sui (SUI), the native token of the layer-1 blockchain used for staking and fees.

The March 17 filing underscores the race to expand institutional access to digital assets following the overwhelming success of the spot Bitcoin (BTC) ETFs last year. Canary Capital has so far filed six crypto ETF proposals with the SEC.

Sui is the 22nd largest crypto asset by market capitalization, with a total value of $7.5 billion, according to CoinGecko. The Sui blockchain recently partnered with World Liberty Financial, the DeFi company backed by Trump’s family.

Crypto Biz is your weekly pulse on the business behind blockchain and crypto, delivered directly to your inbox every Thursday.

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Crypto super PAC network to back GOP House candidates in Florida

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A Super PAC network funded by the crypto industry is poised to back two Republican candidates for the United States House of Representatives in Florida’s April 1 special elections, according to a March 21 report by Politico. The network includes Fairshake, Defend American Jobs and Protect Progress.

Defend American Jobs will start the spending by airing a $1.2 million ad for Florida State Senator Randy Fine, who aims to replace former representative Michael Waltz, who resigned his House seat to become US President Donald Trump’s national security adviser. “Floridians want crypto innovation!” Fine posted on X on Jan. 14, while also highlighting the need for “clear rules of the road.”

Defend American Jobs is also spending $345,000 to support Florida Chief Financial Officer Jimmy Patronis in his quest to replace former representative Matt Gaetz. Gaetz resigned his House seat after Trump nominated him to become US attorney general, for which he later withdrew his name from consideration.

As Florida’s chief financial officer, Patronis wrote a letter to the State Board of Administration requesting a report on the feasibility of devoting part of the state’s retirement monies to investing in digital assets.

Overall, there are four vacancies in the US House of Representatives, with two of the vacancies in Florida. If the Democrats were to sweep all four spots, the result would be just a one-person advantage for the GOP in the House, a very slim margin.

Related: Crypto firms double down on influencing US elections via PACs in 2026

Defend American Jobs backed Fine and Patronis in primaries

As Cointelegraph reported in January, crypto-funded Defend American Jobs backed Fine and Patronis during the primaries to select the nominees in the special elections.

According to filings with the Federal Election Commission, Defend American Jobs spent more than $500,000 supporting Fine and $200,000 backing Patronis. The two candidates won their primaries in the state’s 6th and 1st congressional districts, respectively.

Defend American Jobs expenditure report supporting Randy Fine. Source: FEC

While Fairshake gets much of the attention in the crypto PAC world, Defend American Jobs also spends millions of dollars supporting crypto candidates. According to OpenSecrets, the PAC raised and spent around $60 million from 2023 to 2024. The PAC’s location is listed as Alexandria, VA and it focuses on securities and investments, specifically crypto.

Unlike Fairshake, which has a tendency to support candidates from different political parties, Defend American Jobs spends almost entirely in support of Republicans, with no spending support listed for candidates belonging to the Democratic Party, according to OpenSecrets.

Magazine: Crypto exposes sudden rift among Democrats months ahead of election

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John Reed Stark opposes regulatory reform at SEC crypto roundtable

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John Reed Stark, the former director of the Office of Internet Enforcement at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), pushed back against the idea of regulatory reform at the first SEC crypto roundtable.

The former regulator said the Securities Act of 1933 and 1934 should not be changed to accommodate digital assets and urged that digital assets do not escape the definition of securities under the current laws.

The first-ever SEC crypto roundtable. Source: SEC

“The people buying crypto are not collectors. We all know that they are investors, and the mission of the SEC is to protect investors,” Stark said. The former official added:

“The volume of case law has developed so quickly because of all these crypto firms. They went for this sort of delay, delay, delay, idea, and they hired the best law firms in the world, and these law firms all fought the SEC with incredible briefs.”

“I have read every single one of them. And they lost just about, I would argue, every single time,” he continued.

Stark concluded that he saw no innovation in digital assets or cryptocurrencies compared to previous online revolutions, such as the debut of the iPhone.

John Reed Stark, pictured on the far right, arguing against comprehensive regulatory reform. Source: SEC

Related: SEC’s deadline extension is a ‘fork’ in case against Coinbase — John Reed Stark

John Reed Stark: one of crypto’s staunchest critics

Stark has been one of the most vocal opponents of cryptocurrencies and the digital asset industry, often criticizing the industry for a lack of transparency and accountability.

In February 2024, the former SEC official characterized a sponsorship deal between the Dallas Mavericks — a National Basketball Association (NBA) team — and crypto firm Voyager as an agreement with a “heroin manufacturing firm.”

Stark later said that the government agency’s regulation by enforcement under former chairman Gary Gensler was warranted and added that cryptocurrency must conform to existing laws rather than the law evolving to embrace the future of money.

Stark’s anti-crypto stance has been criticized by industry executives and investors as unhinged. In June 2023, notable investor Mark Cuban called out Reed’s views as “crypto derangement syndrome.”

Magazine: SEC’s U-turn on crypto leaves key questions unanswered

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