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EV Thermal Management Fluid Demand Exceeds 880 million Liters by 2035, IDTechEx Finds

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BOSTON, June 19, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Electric vehicles (EVs), much like combustion vehicles, require a suite of fluids in order to operate optimally. However, the quantities and properties of these fluids can be quite different. With a strongly growing EV market, this presents a large opportunity for not just fluid suppliers but also fluid additives and fluid handling component suppliers. The new IDTechEx report, “Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles 2025-2035: Materials, Markets, and Technologies“, predicts that over 880 million Liters of coolant fluids will be required for electric cars in 2035, combining water-glycol, oils, refrigerants, and immersion fluids.

Where is each fluid used?

The drivetrain components (batteries, motors, and power electronics) should be kept in a certain operating temperature range for an EV to operate safely and efficiently. The cabin must also be kept at a comfortable temperature for the occupants.

Water ethylene glycol (WEG) typically forms the backbone of the thermal management system. In most cases, WEG is passed through coolant channels or cold plates in the battery to keep the cells cool or warm them up in cold conditions. It is sometimes used to pass through a jacket around the motor and is typically fed through a heat sink to cool the inverter. It is also used to connect the thermal systems of the drivetrain components with the cabin. The heat from these drivetrain components can often be transferred to the cabin’s thermal management system, reducing the need for separately heating the cabin air and improving efficiency. Due to its ubiquitous use, IDTechEx finds that WEG demand (in terms of volume) will be the largest of EV fluids, with a 6-fold growth in demand from 2023 to 2035.

Oils are commonly used to lubricate vehicle components like the gearbox and transmission. However, in an EV, oil can also be used to cool motor components. As these oils are dielectric, they can be used to make direct contact with parts inside the motor, like the rotor and/or stator windings, improving thermal management and potentially reducing the size of the motor by removing the need for a water jacket around the stator. Oil-cooling electric motors became the dominant motor thermal management strategy in 2022, with approximately 60% of new electric cars sold in 2023 using oil-cooled motors, according to IDTechEx’s research.

Refrigerant is essential to the operation of the air conditioning system for the occupant’s cabin. In some models, refrigerant is also used to cool the battery, which has challenges but can eliminate large portions of the WEG systems needed. This held a small market share in the early EV market, with the BMW i3 taking this approach, but it has seen a resurgence in recent years, with BYD adopting this technology for its e-Platform 3.0 vehicles.

Immersion cooling is an emerging thermal management strategy offering excellent thermal homogeneity, but so far, has remained for high-performance certain off-road vehicles. While IDTechEx predicts growth for this technology, it does not expect it to be the dominant approach in the future.

What is changing with each fluid?

The fluid categories already discussed are already a staple in combustion engine vehicles, but EVs present new demands.

It is common to see WEG products somewhat unchanged between combustion engine vehicles and EVs. However, there has started to be an interest in using low electrical conductivity (<100µS/cm) coolants with early adoption from players such as BYD and Hyundai. This adds an extra level of safety in the case of fluid leaks around electrical components like the battery.

To aid in system simplicity, a single oil that can be used to lubricate gears and cool the motor is required. This presents a challenge in chemical compatibility with copper found in the motor windings, a material that would not have been a focus in a combustion engine’s oil. The key trade-off to be made here is between thermal performance and mechanical properties. Generally, higher viscosities are better for lubrication but poorer for heat transfer. For this reason, fluid suppliers are trying to find a middle ground where viscosity is lower than would have been used in a traditional axle oil to aid in heat transfer but still high enough to keep the wear of the transmission to a minimum.

Refrigerants remain similar between combustion engine vehicles and EVs. The transition here is for the automotive industry as a whole. R134a was the standard, but in Europe, due to its high global warming potential (GWP), it was replaced with R1234yf in all vehicles from 2017 onwards, with other regions following suit. The next big shift is likely to come from the consideration of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Although there is no clear regulation or timeline enforcing R1234yf replacement, this hasn’t stopped the development of alternative refrigerants and their associated thermal management components. VW deployed R744-based heat pump systems in certain ID models, and other thermal system suppliers like Hanon Systems have presented both R744 and R290 heat pump systems for EVs.

IDTechEx has further discussion of EV refrigerants in their “Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles 2025-2035: Materials, Markets, and Technologies” report, as well as a deep dive into PFAS compounds and their replacements in their “Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024: Emerging Applications, Alternatives, Regulations” report.

Increasing demand per vehicle

While EV design trends like cell-to-pack and more integrated thermal management modules can decrease fluid intensity per vehicle, a few key trends, on average, are increasing the fluid volume required per vehicle. This includes increasing battery capacities, more vehicles with dual motor options, increasing adoption of oil-cooled motors, and further adoption of heat pump systems. Combining this with an increased EV demand, IDTechEx predicts that over 880 million Liters of coolant fluids will be required for electric cars in 2035.

The new IDTechEx report, “Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles 2025-2035: Materials, Markets, and Technologies”, looks at the thermal management of the battery, motors, power electronics, and cabin, with a deep dive into strategies, components, materials, market shares, and forecasts to 2035.

To find out more about this report, including downloadable sample pages, please visit www.IDTechEx.com/TMEV.

For the full portfolio of thermal management market research from IDTechEx, please visit www.IDTechEx.com/Research/Thermal.

Upcoming free-to-attend webinar

How EV Thermal Management Drives Fluid Demand

Dr James Edmondson, Research Director at IDTechEx and author of this article, will be presenting a free-to-attend webinar on the topic on Thursday 18 July 2024 – How EV Thermal Management Drives Fluid Demand.

This webinar will cover the following:

EV thermal system architecture and fluids usedBattery thermal management and trendsMotor thermal management and trendsFuture refrigerantsOutlook for fluid content and forecasts

Please click here to check timings and register for your specific time zone.

If you are unable to make the date, please register anyway to receive the links to the on-demand recording (available for a limited time) and webinar slides as soon as they are available.

About IDTechEx 

IDTechEx provides trusted independent research on emerging technologies and their markets. Since 1999, we have been helping our clients to understand new technologies, their supply chains, market requirements, opportunities and forecasts. For more information, contact research@IDTechEx.com or visit www.IDTechEx.com. 

Media Contact: 
Charlotte Martin 
Subscriptions Marketing Manager
press@IDTechEx.com 
+44(0)1223 812300 

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Knowledge Grid Study Shows the Same AI Model Goes From Wrong to Right When Data Becomes Knowledge

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Findings point to a missing layer in the agentic AI stack: durable knowledge of the environment, built once and kept for every model and agent to use.

SALT LAKE CITY, Oct. 28, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Knowledge Grid, the company defining the Cognitive Data Layer for AI, today announced a study showing an AI model’s verdict can flip from wrong to right without changing the model.

Enterprises are handing AI agents decisions people once made. Most reason over data with no memory of what is normal, so the agent or model fills the gap with confident but unverified assumptions.

In one example, the study gave the same AI models the same incident and data twice: through a conventional cyber analysis pipeline (SIEM stack) and through the Knowledge Grid Cognitive Data Platform, which contains knowledge of each user’s normal behavior.

On the conventional pipeline, the models misinterpreted a user’s routine work as suspicious; and another model confidently called it potential insider threat activity. In the Knowledge Grid stack, the same models correctly interpreted the user behavior and did not flag it as suspicious. Results held for both frontier and smaller open-weight models.

This knowledge is too valuable to rebuild for every investigation or question. Agents rebuilding it from raw data start from zero. Using Knowledge Grid’s Durable Knowledge Layer, it keeps that knowledge current, so every model and agent starts from what is already known.

“The most dangerous AI answer is the one that sounds right, but isn’t,” said Peter Bybee, founder and CEO of Knowledge Grid. “The same model got the same incident wrong, then right. The difference was the knowledge underneath it, and that knowledge should outlast any one question.”

Knowledge Grid is sharing the methodology and results with analysts and customers and will demonstrate it at VentureBeat’s Agentic Infrastructure Stack Summit on Oct. 28.

About Knowledge Grid

Knowledge Grid builds the Cognitive Data Layer: knowledge infrastructure that turns high-volume temporal data into Persistent Environmental Knowledge that AI, analytics and automation can reason over without reconstructing the environment each time. The KG Cognitive Data Platform is built on Rough Set mathematics developed by the company’s research team in Warsaw, Poland, and is protected by seven issued U.S. patents, with two pending. Knowledge Grid is headquartered in Salt Lake City. Learn more at knowledgegrid.com.

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SOURCE Knowledge Grid

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Greenlane Renewables Announces Renewal of Service Agreements with Major International Energy Company

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~Renewals reinforce strength of Greenlane’s long-standing customer relationship and aftermarket parts and service business~

VANCOUVER, BC, Oct. 28, 2026 /CNW/ — Greenlane Renewables Inc. (“Greenlane” or the “Company”) (TSX: GRN) (FSE: 52G) today announced the renewal of service agreements with a major international energy company for three of its renewable natural gas (“RNG”) producing facilities at dairy farms in the United States. The renewals reinforce the strength of Greenlane’s long-standing relationship with this customer and aftermarket parts and service business.

“The renewed service agreements reflect continued confidence in Greenlane’s products, technical expertise and service capabilities to support the reliable and efficient operation of our customer’s RNG production facilities,” said Brad Douville, CEO of Greenlane. “It is a strong endorsement of the value we continue to deliver to our customers. Our ability to maintain and expand relationships with established customers is an important part of our growth strategy and demonstrates the confidence they place in Greenlane to support their operations over the long term. As our installed base of systems continues to grow, we see meaningful opportunities to further expand our aftermarket parts and service business, generate recurring revenue and strengthen the long-term relationships that underpin our business.”

Greenlane’s aftermarket parts and service business is an important component of the Company’s strategy to expand recurring revenue opportunities and deepen relationships with existing customers. With more than 500 systems sold across 32 countries over its more than 35-year history, Greenlane has an extensive installed base that provides opportunities for ongoing maintenance, replacement parts, technical support and system optimization services.

Greenlane offers maintenance packages designed to meet the varying service requirements of its customers and their biogas upgrading systems. The Company’s service capabilities include preventative maintenance, technical support, troubleshooting and plant performance optimization, helping customers support the reliability, efficiency and long-term performance of their installed systems.

Greenlane’s service offerings include:

24/7 Expert Support: Immediate assistance through our dedicated helpline and remote access capabilities.Proactive Maintenance: Preventative measures, corrective actions, and scheduled site inspections to ensure optimal performance.Media Change-Outs: Provide turnkey H₂S media change-outs to plant locations, saving time and reducing costs. Our experienced team safely and efficiently executes the work to minimize downtime and lower our customers’ operating costs.Spare Parts & Logistics: Priority supply of critical spare parts to minimize downtime.Training & Performance Optimization: Operator training, real-time monitoring, and detailed performance analysis to keep sites running efficiently.

Click HERE for more information on Greenlane services.

About Greenlane Renewables
At Greenlane, we are relentless innovators solving the toughest challenges. At a time when new solutions are urgently needed, we are accelerating the energy transition to a net-zero emissions economy. As a pioneer and leading global specialist in biogas desulfurization and upgrading, we have been actively contributing to the decarbonization of our planet for over 35 years with more than 500 systems sold into 32 countries. The systems we supply transform biogas generated from organic waste into high-value, low-carbon renewable natural gas (“RNG”) for gas networks, transportation and industry from a wide range of sources such as landfills, sugar mills, dairy farms, wastewater, and food waste. Greenlane is transforming energy production through new technology without adding new technology risk, making RNG more accessible and scalable for our customers – all while dramatically reducing carbon emissions. Partner with us, let’s accelerate the energy transition together. For further information, please visit www.greenlanerenewables.com

FORWARD LOOKING INFORMATION – This news release contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable securities laws. All statements contained herein that are not historical in nature contain forward-looking information. Forward-looking information can be identified by words or phrases such as “may”, “is expected”, “likely”, “should”, “would”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “potential”, “proposed”, “estimate”, “believe” or the negative of these terms, or other similar words, expressions and grammatical variations thereof, or statements that certain events or conditions “can”, “may” or “will” happen. In particular, this news release contains forward looking information relating to expectations regarding the ongoing operations, reliability, efficiency, and long-term performance of the biogas upgrading systems; the expected scope, support, and benefits under the service agreements with an international energy company; the Company’s ability to support customer facilities throughout their operating lives and build or extend long-term customer relationships beyond initial system delivery and commissioning; the ability of Greenlane’s growing installed base to drive future opportunities, expand its aftermarket service business, and develop recurring revenue streams; and the Company’s service capabilities to minimize downtime and lower operating costs for customers. The forward-looking information contained herein is made as of the date of this press release and is based on assumptions management believed to be reasonable at the time such statements were made, including market demand for renewable natural gas solutions, continued customer adoption of Greenlane’s parts and service offerings, the continued demand for renewable natural gas solutions and aftermarket support services; the successful ongoing operation and maintenance of the installed biogas upgrading systems; Greenlane’s ability to fulfill its contractual obligations under the service agreements; the Company’s ability to leverage its growing installed base to generate recurring aftermarket revenue and expand customer relationships; and the Company’s ability to execute its aftermarket service strategy. While management considers these assumptions to be reasonable based on information currently available to management, there is no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. By their nature, forward-looking information is subject to inherent risks and uncertainties that may be general or specific and which give rise to the possibility that expectations, forecasts, predictions, projections or conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that assumptions may not be correct and that objectives, strategic goals and priorities will not be achieved. A variety of factors, including known and unknown risks, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking information in this press release. Additional risk factors can also be found in the Company’s Management Discussion and Analysis, and its Annual Information Form, all of which have been filed under the Company’s SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.com. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking information. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. Forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

SOURCE Greenlane Renewables Inc.

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Pixelworks to Announce Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results on November 11

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PORTLAND, Ore., Oct. 28, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Pixelworks, Inc. (NASDAQ: PXLW), a provider of innovative cinematic and enhanced visualization solutions, will release its third quarter 2026 financial results on Wednesday, November 11, 2026, after market close. Todd DeBonis, Chairman and CEO, and Haley Aman, CFO, will host a conference call at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time to discuss the Company’s quarterly results.

Analysts and investors are invited to join the Company’s conference call using the following information:

Third Quarter 2026 Conference Call
Date: Wednesday, November 11
Time: 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time (5:00 p.m. Eastern Time)
Live Webcast Link: Click Here
Dial-in Participation Registration Link: Click Here

Advanced registration is required for dial-in participants. Please complete the linked registration form above to receive a dial-in number and dedicated PIN for accessing the conference call by phone. A live and archived audio webcast of the conference call will also be accessible via the Investor Relations section of Pixelworks’ website.

About Pixelworks, Inc.

Pixelworks (NASDAQ: PXLW) is a technology licensing company specializing in cinematic visualization solutions, including industry-leading content creation, delivery and display processing solutions that enable highly authentic viewing experiences with superior visual quality. Pixelworks has more than 20 years of delivering image processing innovation to leading providers of consumer electronics, professional displays and video streaming services.

About TrueCut Motion

TrueCut Motion® is a powerful video platform from Pixelworks that provides filmmakers with a new palette for motion. It enables shot-by-shot motion grading, allowing creators to manage judder, motion blur, and frame rates to achieve a consistent, cinematic look across all screens. For more information on TrueCut Motion, visit: www.truecutmotion.com

Note: Pixelworks, the Pixelworks logo, TrueCut Motion and TrueCut are registered trademarks of Pixelworks, Inc.

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SOURCE Pixelworks, Inc.

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